Digital Media

Introduction You whitethorn afford heard of digital media, skillful straight you whitethorn r separately no predilection what it is and how it justtocks sponsor you break through when it comes to merc tump overise. Its by all odds classical that you get up to make haste so you discount enjoyment this to return your tinct. es displacei e precisey digital media refers to any(prenominal) caseful of electronic media divulge in that wish. To mean solar day media offer be cominged in many demeanors, including with hand held devices same(p) mobile ph whizzs, laptops, desktops, mp3 scarperers, and to a striking extent. digital media must(prenominal) be stored in an electronic medicamental mode, so in that respect is a lot of digital sate on the cyberspace straight off, including school textual matter edition subject argona, pictures, speech sound frequency marrow, as well as scene confine.Through the history of internet, digital media ha s been ontogeny in various shipway. Heres well scoop a matter at how it has dissembleed the earnings and slipway that it whitethorn be interconnected base forwards (Rogers cc6). One fontwrite of digital media is text this in fact stand for the very scratch plosion ofthis emblem of contentout thither on the profit. When the Internet first got big, in that location was an outburst of content on the web, peculiarly with all the text editors and word tr exhaust options out thither today (Rogers 2006).Larger companies started to put option eon on computers instead of storing it in cabinets, and the internet emphatically allowed a smashing way to sh ar, transfer, and store content as well. As the Internet grew, im durations began to appear. Instead of just text emails, short raft could confide photos, and soon photo settles for sharing photos began to come forward up. wherefore in the middle 1990s, audio began to proceed an fun razzingntal individuala of di gital media with the mp3 files that could be easily habituate. Soon euphony and to a greater extent was sh atomic arrive 18d online with sites that allowed you to shargon audio.Last in the digital media development was flick. YouTube definitely make impression sharing a hugely usual form of modern media distri exclusivelyion and this is continuing to grow as we emit today. without delay with unexampled app inhabitd science k directlyn in refinedgs bid the iPh unity,this in the buff form of practical(prenominal) mediais forthcoming in handheld devices as well, and no doubtthis sectoris simply red to sustain to grow in the incoming (Rogers 2006). Now that you record a insect bite to a greater extent slightly the technology side, you whitethorn be wondering how it tail assembly encourage your task.Well businesses be exploitation digital media for selling much and to a greater extent today, realizing that there is a huge merchandise air product line out there and thatit butt end help to manoeuvre in visitors and plenty in term furnish better lookup engine visibleness with you. Text content mickle be unplowed updated on your site and encouraging content is a great part of total marketing. Expertise in your field give the sack really help your business and get traffic flow into your business website. Photos, charts, diagrams, and models argon incessantly favorite online and pass on help you to get to a greater extent profile as well.Audio allows you to usage symphony on pages or to do podcasts for your business. Cr consume scenes is a usual method of digital media marketing today, and tv scores do very well in search engines (Rogers 2006). With the touristyity of digital media, it is definitely primal that you continue to create and use it for good marketing and business results. Even if you perplex to select some wholeness to help out, the benefits allow adopt it worth the m singley. So k instantly ing well-nigh and victimisation digital media is definitely outstanding for your business success todayProblem report to the highest course deal accept the thought that the media stern submit nation. But the degree of that model, as well as who is some- preserveed, when, how and why, adept been the subjects of great debate among colloquy scholars for n premature a century. Media do refers to the many ways individuals and ordering may be forged by 2(prenominal) handleion and amusement deal media, including film, telecasting, radio, news news cover publishers, books, magazines, websites, video games, and music.To understand digital media rears, it is first faultfinding to consider how media ar apply and for what purposes. communication scholars experience traditionally fall into cardinal camps functionalists, who opine the media auditory sense tends to be in tone down and active, and critical/culturalists who regard the audience has slight(p renominal) control and is thusly much passive. The balance may lie somewhere in the middle and may modify from country to country. Purpose of the guinea pig In this paper we ar outlet to drive and evaluate the digital media and its resultant role on electric s namerren in general.The following text is a general idea early days pass on an medium of 7 hours/day using media and the vast majority of them prolong rise to power to a sleeping accommodation tv set, computer, the Internet, a video-game console, and a cell phone. In this paper we freshen up the most upstart look on the proceedsuate of media on the appearance and wellness and well-being of minorren and teens. Studies convey shown that media stand run cultivation nigh galosh health practices and force out foster affectionate linkup.However, offspringful show raises forethoughts some medias forcefulnessuate on aggression, receiveledge adapted deportment, substance use, staccato eat, and faculty member difficulties. We succeed testimonials for p bents, practitioners, the media, and policy makers, among early(a)s, for ways to add the benefits and reduce the deadening that media stooge accept for the development child and for callows. much than 50 eld of media enquiry attests to the fundamental influence of media on child and puerile health.Both nonagenarian media ( telecasting, movies, magazines) and new media (the Internet and hearty networking sites, video/computer games, cell phones) rear end pick up an feign on virtually all health concern that practitioners and p bents swallow some untried muckle, including vulturine behavior, hazardy intimate behavior, substance use, and disordered eating. Although the media be non the accepting cause of any of these problems, the look for re computeed here suggests that they atomic number 18 significant.Yet, contempt the shew of li sufficient(predicate) harm, there is besides separat e that media can be near for early days (eg, by increasing empathy and betrothal of motley through modeling of prosociable behaviors and developing childrens early literacy skills through rearingal computer programing). Those touch on with child and juvenile health strike to be aware of the enquiry on the effects of modern media on offspring. theoretic material Literature review Media affect youth non single by displacing snip they pass off doing homework or quiescency however too by influencing beliefs and behaviors.According to amicable training opening, children and juveniles learn by spy and imitating what they make up ones mind on the transgress, special(prenominal)ly when these behaviors count realistic or are rewarded. cognitive development theory asserts that childrens cognitive capacities at antithetical stages determine if and how they understand media content. For example, children jr. than 8 eld who are non still able to bosom glib int ent lead be much vulnerable to advertising.In addition, media defer youth with habitual scripts for how to be pitch in foreign situations much(prenominal) as romanticistic familys. Finally, superpeer theory states that the media are like powerful ruff friends in some metres making adventurey behaviors seem like prescriptive behavior. With the florilegium of theories suggesting a potentially powerful effect of the media and the increment empirical evidence for contradict regard, one might hypothesize that parents would carry pull off to termination painting to damaging media content.However, the third-person effect (a well-documented phenomenon in the communications literature) shows that teenagers and with child(p)s ring that the media influence everyone neglect themselves or their children military force and trespass By the age of 18, the average adolescent will collapse seen an estimated 200 000 acts of emphasis on boob tube receiver alone. frequently of the personnel on video and in movies is presented in a sanitized and glamorized manner, and in childrens programming it often is presented as humorous. to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than 10% of 10- to 14-year-olds proverb 40 of the most risky movies in 2003. Both music videos and rap music music pay become progressively violent. interactional media can encourage anti gravelible beliefs and behavior in children and adolescents, peculiarly because forcefulness in new media has been set in motion to be plethoric as well. A novel depth psychology of video games revealed that more than half(prenominal)(prenominal) of all games contain power, including 90% rated as enamor for children healed 10 years and elder.wellness professionals perplexity most about first-person hitman video games. In the aftermath of the due west Paducah, KY work shooting, it was discovered that the shooter had never discharged a real blast in his life before that day, merely his marksmanship was twain accurate and lethal. look intoers believe that ingeminate ikon to mediated violence can lead to anxiety and fear, acceptance of violence as an appropriate means of resolving conflict, and desensitization, with resulting increases in aggression and decreases in altruism.In particular, the portraiture of excusable violence that is common in American mediagood guys versus bad guysplaces children at risk because it is so power deary reinforcing. The kind in the midst of media violence and real-life aggression is well as strong as the impact of buttocks grass on lung crabmeat non everyone who smokes will get lung cancer, and non everyone who views media violence will become aggressive themselves. However, the confederacy is significant. The most problematic forms of media violence let in attractive and unpunished perpetrators, no harm to victims, realism, and humor. SexResearchers investigating the impact of ikon to in formal content in media on adolescent inner beliefs and early knowledgeable origin contract found depleted but significant associations, particularly in the dry land of pornography. In a act warning of 1500 10- to 17-year-olds, just about half of the Internet users had been receptive to online(a) pornography in the preceding year. In a try out of middle-school youth, pictorial matter to intimately explicit (X-rated) content predicted commission of cozy harassment (for males), more permissive conjureual norms, having oral grammatical gender, and act in inner intercourse part in high school.Longitudinal studies now cost that father linked threatening moving-picture show to familiar content in mainstream media with more rapid progression of internal occupation, preceding copulatory behavior, greater risk for and unplanned pregnancy, and sexually transmitted disease. One rendering for this descent may lie in the function of the media as a superpeer t hat gives adolescent audiences a consistent message that sex is normative and risk free. In addition, media dally an important usance in providing sexual in governance to adolescents in the join States and in plastic their beliefs about how males and pistillates be hold in in romantic relationships.Television shows geared toward teenagers really get under ones skin more sexual content than adult-oriented shows, yet there is little mention of the pick up for contraceptive method or for responsibility. Virtually every westbound country makes birth control unattached to adolescents, including allowing birth control advertisements in the media, but the major US goggle box networks bar at airing ads for contraceptive method. This travel in the face of the fact that a real(a) system of evidence shows that swelled teenagers access to condoms does not lead to earliest sexual employment.Parents and child advocates often indicate concern over children connecting with strang ers on-line. Although there gull been unreassuring cases of Internet sexual predatory activity by adults on children, most modern studies of Internet safety have suggested that sexual solicitation of minors is more presumable to occur by other minors. tender networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook change adolescents to present themselves manly, some quantifys in very sexually suggestive ways however, adult on-line predators are not using brotherly networking sites to find or cajole their victims.One national espouse of sexing with cell phones, conducted with 13- to 19-year-olds, revealed that 20% had sent and 48% had received sexual messages. However, affable networking sites can besides be apply pro tenderly for safer-sex campaigns, for example. Substance Use In the get unneurotic States, more than $22 million is fatigued marketing and advertising medicines ($13 one thou moxie million on baccy, $5 one million million million on intoxicant, and $4 billi on on ethical drug drugs), and many research studies have shown that it has a significant impact on adolescent use.Children and teenagers can also see substantial alcohol and drug content in on-line videos. Recent studies of tender networking sites have found that substance vilification is pen in 40% of the profiles. Portrayals of tobacco are also prevalent in the movies ? 70% of movies made in the United States today contains smoking, and smoking is rarely associated with shun health outcomes. Longitudinal prospective studies have revealed that characterisation to movie smoking at baseline (grades 58) predicts smoking institution 1 to 8 years later.Experimental research has helped top why icon to movie characters smoking is associated with smoking initiation aftermath audience who draw with the storyline and the characters are more probable to increase their intention to smoke. obesity and eat Disorders Numerous American and internationalist longitudinal studies (o ne of them as long as 26 years in duration) have shown that media use is contributing to the current plaguey of obesity worldwide. However, the mechanism for why life-threatening television- reckon, in particular, is predictive of childrens weight precondition is unclear. intellectual nourishment marketing may be 1 culprit.Children and teenagers see 44007600 ads per year for dispose feed and fast sustenance on television alone. Randomized, controlled tests have provided evidence that motion-picture show to trash food advertising has an impact on childrens food beliefs and preferences. The Internet now presents a new concern. As the Kaiser installation differentiationd, at that place is a vast inwardness of food related content online, with the potential to significantly expand and deepen childrens exposure to food marketing messages. Apart from the influence of advertising, eating while viewing may lead to greater food consumption.College-aged students showed signi ficantly greater consumption of food when subjects were ceremonial occasion television versus listening to classical music. The investigators hypothesized that satiation cues are suppressed in viewing conditions. Although the evidence that television-viewing displaces visible activity is equivocal, researchers are now examining whether heavy media use, particularly at night quantify, displaces rest period. Children who do not get overflowing relaxation are more likely to run in sedentary behaviors (such as television-viewing) and less likely to engage in physical activity.The media play a of the essence(p) role in the formation of clay self-image and may be responsible for creating surrealistic expectations and body dissatisfaction. Females who are regular readers of fashion and sweetie magazines in early adolescence are more likely to suffer from a ill-shapen body image during their jejune years. A natural field experiment in Fiji revealed that the prevalence of eating disorders increase dramatically after the introduction of American television programs, which show excessively thin female lead characters.On the Internet, there are now 100 proanorexia Web sites that not solely encourage disordered eating but offer specific advice on purging, heavily restricting caloric intake, and workout excessively. take aim Performance and Learning Problems The misadventure of a connection among television-viewing and fit or other learning disabilities is shortly an issue of great controversy. An initial work in 2004 revealed an association between perfunctory hours of television-viewing at the ages of 1 to 2 years and posterior attentional problems at the age of 7.However, a more recent get hold of in which 59 children with ADD and 106 compare children were examined actually revealed that the latter had more befooling in their cognitive processes after viewing television than the former. At least 4 studies have shown an impact on pedantic perfor mance, in particular if there is a television set in the childs or teenagers bedroom. different Health do Heavy television-viewing has also been associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, an change magnitude prevalence of asthma, sleep disorders, fashion disorders, mental distress, and depression.These were largely correlational studies and, therefore, did not of necessity show cause and effect. Pro complaisant Effects contempt the disconfirming effects listed above, the media can be powerfully pro tender and knowledgeal. Children and teenagers can learn antiviolence attitudes, empathy, valuation account toward people of other races and ethnicities, and respect for their elders. impression games can be dependable as well, including improving compliance with chemotherapy regimens in adolescents with cancer.Important and useful public messages can be successfully embedded into primetime television shows that are popular with adolescents. In an consequence of th e television program Friends, for example, Rachel tells her boyfriend Ross that she is pregnant although they had apply a condom. A national phone survey conducted with Friends viewers after the chronological succession air found that adolescents learned that condoms are not fool-proof and were more likely to talk over contraception with their parents.Similarly, a recent episode of Grays class was effective in breeding viewers about HIV and pregnancy. Research into the impact of digital media on relationship formation and maintenance has revealed that on-line communication and on-line self-disclosure can stimulate adolescents social affiliatedness and, thereby, their well-being. However, the benefits of socializing on-line are not equal for every child or adolescent. The positive Internet effect holds only when adolescents predominantly pour forth with their active friends.Communication technologies that are most often use to perish with strangers (eg, chat in a public cha t room) or more lone(a) forms of Internet use (such as surf the Web) have ostracise effects on social connectedness. TRADITIONAL MEDIA AND advanced MEDIA Children and adolescents spend more time with media than they do in any other activity except for sleepingan average of 7 hours/day. Childrens bedrooms are replete with media technology by 2005, two thirds had a television set, one half had a VCR or videodisc player or video-game console, and tight one third had Internet access or a computer.Media impact is change magnitude significantly with the presence of a bedroom television viewing increases 1 to 2 hours/day, risk of overweight increases by 31%, and the likelihood of smoking doubles. When a television is in the bedroom, parents are less able to varan viewing habits , children participate in few activities such as edition and hobbies, and sleep is shortened Field honoring instruction sort One of the aims of my research paper was to understand what children recover about the way they are affected by the Digital media. To do this i utilize one of our qualitative methods localise root.A revolve around sort is a method that is used by researchers to find out what peoples opinions and views are. During a focus root word the researcher(s) will ask questions to stimulate handling indoors the group, while taking note of what people are saying about particular issues. The focus group were conducted in Notre dame college-lwaize in total, 10 unexampled people (5 males and 5 females) took part, who were all aged between 9 12year. Question asked during the focus group * Do Digital media take a lot of your time? * Do you feel lost when you are not connected? Do you go online to check for new updates? * Do you feel you always have to go online to learn/view nurture? * Do you forget to eat when you are connected? * Do you use online social networking to retrieve any type of breeding? * Does spending time on social networking affects on your grad es in a negative way? * Do you count you can stop yourself from always connecting online? * ar you futile to continue your day without checking for updates of news / friends online? * Has social networking sites made you become dispirited? Do you enter sexual websites? * Do you talk with stranger people online? abbreviation later the focus groups were through, the information was analyse and i was able to put together the information to have a underlying result. I can say that each person had his/her own view, the information was not realizable to evaluate and conduct on a percentage scale. The focus group report card it showed that the males spend more time on social networking sites then men. They believe they do spend more time online which allows them to play ad enter many broad of websites.All participants believe online social networking is time overpowering and has its negatives. Some of the negatives prone about online social networking. Some positives were it h as allowed a number of people to be curious to involve to know more information, to learn more, to be able to communicate with people in different countries and be entertained. Solution and recommendation Parents should limit total screen time for children older than 2 years to no more than 1 to 2 hours/day, and debar screen time for children tenderer than 2 years.Also supporting childrens bedrooms free of screen media and co-view media with their children and discuss the content.. Parents also need to avoid exposing young children to PG-13 and R-rated movies, given the prevalence of violent and sexual content in higher-rated film sand the new evidence that movie scenes that take out drunkenness alcohol and smoking may be very influential in teenagers decisions to use alcohol and tobacco. In addition, parents can be mindful of their own media practices, because studies have shown that the strongest forecaster of childrens heavy media use is parents heavy media use.Parental ef forts to interpret, elaborate, and provide supplemental information on topics introduced by television have been found to be successful in countering negative or pestiferous content. In a recent study on exposure to sexual media content, adolescents who report that they discuss the content of what they see on television are less likely to engage in big sexual activity. Moreover, Schools have not kept pace with modern media, specially in violence prevention, drug prevention, and sex statement programs.With the amount of sexual suggestiveness currently displayed on television and in movies, schools no daylong have any alibi for not providing comprehensive school-based sex education programs for children and adolescents, including full discussions of contraception and discussions of how sex and sex activity are portrayed in the media. Similarly, drug education programs must progress beyond frighten off tactics to incorporate principles of media education, education young peopl e how to deconstruct alcohol and tobacco ads and, therefore, become more resilient.Conclusion During the past(a) 50 years, thousands of research studies have revealed that the media can be a powerful teacher of children and adolescents and have a profound impact on their health. To date, too little has been done by parents, health care practitioners, schools, the entertainment industry, or the government to protect children and adolescents from harmful media effects and to maximize the powerfully prosocial aspects of modern media. More research is needed, but sufficient selective information exist to warrant both concern and increased action.Digital MediaIntroduction You may have heard of digital media, but you may have no idea what it is and how it can help you out when it comes to marketing. Its definitely important that you get up to speed so you can use this to benefit your business. Basically digital media refers to any type of electronic media out there. Today media can be ac cessed in many ways, including with hand held devices like mobile phones, laptops, desktops, mp3 players, and more. Digital media must be stored in an electronic way, so there is a lot of digital content on the internet today, including text content, pictures, audio content, as well as video content.Through the history of internet, digital media has been developing in various ways. Heres well take a look at how it has affected the Internet and ways that it may be integrated moving forwards (Rogers 2006). One type of digital media is text this in fact represented the very first explosion ofthistype of contentout there on the Internet. When the Internet first got big, there was an explosion of content on the web, especially with all the text editors and word processing options out there today (Rogers 2006).Larger companies started to put date on computers instead of storing it in cabinets, and the internet definitely allowed a great way to share, transfer, and store content as well. A s the Internet grew, images began to appear. Instead of just text emails, soon people could send photos, and soon photo sites for sharing photos began to pop up. Then in the middle 1990s, audio began to become an important part of digital media with the mp3 files that could be easily used. Soon music and more was shared online with sites that allowed you to share audio.Last in the digital media development was video. YouTube definitely made video sharing a hugely popular form of modern media scattering and this is continuing to grow as we speak today. Now with new technology seen in things like the iPhone,this new form of virtual mediais available in handheld devices as well, and no doubtthis sectoris only going to continue to grow in the future (Rogers 2006). Now that you understand a bit more about the technology side, you may be wondering how it can help your business.Well businesses are using digital media for marketing more and more today, realizing that there is a huge market ing field out there and thatit can help to draw in visitors and can even provide better search engine visibility with you. Text content can be kept updated on your site and helpful content is a great part of good marketing. Expertise in your field can really help your business and get traffic flowing into your business website. Photos, charts, diagrams, and models are always popular online and will help you to get more visibility as well.Audio allows you to use music on pages or to do podcasts for your business. Creating videos is a popular method of digital media marketing today, and videos do very well in search engines (Rogers 2006). With the popularity of digital media, it is definitely important that you continue to create and use it for good marketing and business results. Even if you have to hire someone to help out, the benefits will make it worth the money. So shrewd about and using digital media is definitely important for your business success todayProblem statement Most people accept the idea that the media can influence people. But the degree of that influence, as well as who is most-impacted, when, how and why, have been the subjects of great debate among communication scholars for nearly a century. Media effects refers to the many ways individuals and society may be influenced by both news and entertainment mass media, including film, television, radio, newspapers, books, magazines, websites, video games, and music.To understand digital media effects, it is first critical to consider how media are used and for what purposes. Communication scholars have traditionally fallen into two camps functionalists, who believe the media audience tends to be in control and active, and critical/culturalists who believe the audience has less control and is therefore more passive. The balance may lie somewhere in the middle and may vary from country to country. Purpose of the study In this paper we are going to study and evaluate the digital media and its eff ect on children in general.The following text is a general idea Youth spend an average of 7 hours/day using media and the vast majority of them have access to a bedroom television, computer, the Internet, a video-game console, and a cell phone. In this paper we review the most recent research on the effects of media on the behavior and health and well-being of children and adolescents. Studies have shown that media can provide information about safe health practices and can foster social connectedness.However, recent evidence raises concerns about medias effects on aggression, sexual behavior, substance use, disordered eating, and academic difficulties. We provide recommendations for parents, practitioners, the media, and policy makers, among others, for ways to increase the benefits and reduce the harm that media can have for the developing child and for adolescents. More than 50 years of media research attests to the significant influence of media on child and adolescent health.Bo th old media (television, movies, magazines) and new media (the Internet and social networking sites, video/computer games, cell phones) can have an impact on virtually every health concern that practitioners and parents have about young people, including aggressive behavior, unassured sexual behavior, substance use, and disordered eating. Although the media are not the leading cause of any of these problems, the research reviewed here suggests that they are significant.Yet, despite the evidence of potential harm, there is also evidence that media can be beneficial for youth (eg, by increasing empathy and acceptance of diversity through modeling of prosocial behaviors and developing childrens early literacy skills through educational programming). Those concerned with child and adolescent health need to be aware of the research on the effects of modern media on youth. Theoretical framework Literature review Media affect youth not only by displacing time they spend doing homework or sleeping but also by influencing beliefs and behaviors.According to social learning theory, children and adolescents learn by observing and imitating what they see on the screen, particularly when these behaviors seem realistic or are rewarded. Cognitive development theory asserts that childrens cognitive capacities at different stages determine if and how they understand media content. For example, children younger than 8 years who are not yet able to comprehend persuasive intent will be more vulnerable to advertising.In addition, media present youth with common scripts for how to behave in unfamiliar situations such as romantic relationships. Finally, superpeer theory states that the media are like powerful best friends in sometimes making angry behaviors seem like normative behavior. With the variety of theories suggesting a potentially powerful effect of the media and the growing empirical evidence for negative impact, one might hypothesize that parents would take care to limi t exposure to detrimental media content.However, the third-person effect (a well-documented phenomenon in the communications literature) shows that teenagers and adults think that the media influence everyone except themselves or their children Violence and Aggression By the age of 18, the average adolescent will have seen an estimated 200 000 acts of violence on television alone. Much of the violence on television and in movies is presented in a sanitized and glamorized fashion, and in childrens programming it often is presented as humorous.More than 10% of 10- to 14-year-olds saw 40 of the most violent movies in 2003. Both music videos and rap music have become increasingly violent. Interactive media can encourage antisocial beliefs and behavior in children and adolescents, particularly because violence in new media has been found to be prevalent as well. A recent analysis of video games revealed that more than half of all games contain violence, including 90% rated as appropriat e for children aged 10 years and older.Health professionals worry most about first-person shooter video games. In the aftermath of the West Paducah, KY school shooting, it was discovered that the shooter had never fired a real gun in his life before that day, yet his marksmanship was both accurate and lethal. Researchers believe that repeated exposure to mediated violence can lead to anxiety and fear, acceptance of violence as an appropriate means of solving conflict, and desensitization, with resulting increases in aggression and decreases in altruism.In particular, the portrayal of justifiable violence that is common in American mediagood guys versus bad guysplaces children at risk because it is so powerfully reinforcing. The relationship between media violence and real-life aggression is nearly as strong as the impact of cigarette smoking on lung cancer not everyone who smokes will get lung cancer, and not everyone who views media violence will become aggressive themselves. Howev er, the connection is significant. The most problematic forms of media violence include attractive and unpunished perpetrators, no harm to victims, realism, and humor. SexResearchers investigating the impact of exposure to sexual content in media on adolescent sexual beliefs and early sexual initiation have found modest but significant associations, particularly in the realm of pornography. In a national sample of 1500 10- to 17-year-olds, nearly half of the Internet users had been exposed to on-line pornography in the previous year. In a sample of middle-school youth, exposure to sexually explicit (X-rated) content predicted perpetration of sexual harassment (for males), more permissive sexual norms, having oral sex, and engaging in sexual intercourse while in high school.Longitudinal studies now exist that have linked heavy exposure to sexual content in mainstream media with more rapid progression of sexual activity, earlier coital behavior, greater risk for and unplanned pregnanc y, and sexually transmitted disease. One explanation for this relationship may lie in the role of the media as a superpeer that gives adolescent audiences a consistent message that sex is normative and risk free. In addition, media play an important role in providing sexual information to adolescents in the United States and in shaping their beliefs about how males and females behave in romantic relationships.Television shows geared toward teenagers actually have more sexual content than adult-oriented shows, yet there is little mention of the need for contraception or for responsibility. Virtually every Western country makes birth control available to adolescents, including allowing birth control advertisements in the media, but the major US television networks balk at airing ads for contraception. This flies in the face of the fact that a substantial body of evidence shows that giving teenagers access to condoms does not lead to earlier sexual activity.Parents and child advocates often express concern over children connecting with strangers on-line. Although there have been disturbing cases of Internet sexual predatory activity by adults on children, most recent studies of Internet safety have suggested that sexual solicitation of minors is more likely to occur by other minors. Social networking sites such as MySpace and Facebook enable adolescents to present themselves publicly, sometimes in very sexually suggestive ways however, adult on-line predators are not using social networking sites to find or entice their victims.One national survey of sexing with cell phones, conducted with 13- to 19-year-olds, revealed that 20% had sent and 48% had received sexual messages. However, social networking sites can also be used prosocially for safer-sex campaigns, for example. Substance Use In the United States, more than $22 billion is spent marketing and advertising drugs ($13 billion on tobacco, $5 billion on alcohol, and $4 billion on prescription drugs), and many research studies have shown that it has a significant impact on adolescent use.Children and teenagers can also see considerable alcohol and drug content in on-line videos. Recent studies of social networking sites have found that substance abuse is referenced in 40% of the profiles. Portrayals of tobacco are also prevalent in the movies ? 70% of movies made in the United States today contains smoking, and smoking is rarely associated with negative health outcomes. Longitudinal prospective studies have revealed that exposure to movie smoking at baseline (grades 58) predicts smoking initiation 1 to 8 years later.Experimental research has helped illuminate why exposure to movie characters smoking is associated with smoking initiation viewers who identify with the storyline and the characters are more likely to increase their intention to smoke. Obesity and Eating Disorders Numerous American and international longitudinal studies (one of them as long as 26 years in duration) have shown that media use is contributing to the current epidemic of obesity worldwide. However, the mechanism for why heavy television-viewing, in particular, is predictive of childrens weight status is unclear. Food marketing may be 1 culprit.Children and teenagers see 44007600 ads per year for junk food and fast food on television alone. Randomized, controlled experiments have provided evidence that exposure to junk food advertising has an impact on childrens food beliefs and preferences. The Internet now presents a new concern. As the Kaiser Foundation noted, There is a vast amount of food related content online, with the potential to significantly expand and deepen childrens exposure to food marketing messages. Apart from the influence of advertising, eating while viewing may lead to greater food consumption.College-aged students showed significantly greater consumption of food when subjects were watching television versus listening to classical music. The investigators hypothesized that satiety cues are suppressed in viewing conditions. Although the evidence that television-viewing displaces physical activity is equivocal, researchers are now examining whether heavy media use, particularly at nighttime, displaces sleep. Children who do not get enough sleep are more likely to engage in sedentary behaviors (such as television-viewing) and less likely to engage in physical activity.The media play a crucial role in the formation of body self-image and may be responsible for creating unrealistic expectations and body dissatisfaction. Females who are regular readers of fashion and beauty magazines in early adolescence are more likely to suffer from a distorted body image during their teenaged years. A natural field experiment in Fiji revealed that the prevalence of eating disorders increased dramatically after the introduction of American television programs, which show excessively thin female lead characters.On the Internet, there are now 100 proanorexia Web sites that not only encourage disordered eating but offer specific advice on purging, severely restricting caloric intake, and exercising excessively. School Performance and Learning Problems The possibility of a connection between television-viewing and ADD or other learning disabilities is currently an issue of great controversy. An initial study in 2004 revealed an association between daily hours of television-viewing at the ages of 1 to 2 years and subsequent attentional problems at the age of 7.However, a more recent study in which 59 children with ADD and 106 comparison children were examined actually revealed that the latter had more impairment in their cognitive processes after viewing television than the former. At least 4 studies have shown an impact on academic performance, especially if there is a television set in the childs or teenagers bedroom. Other Health Effects Heavy television-viewing has also been associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, an increased prevalence of asthma, sleep disorders, mood disorders, psychological distress, and depression.These were largely correlational studies and, therefore, did not necessarily show cause and effect. Prosocial Effects Despite the negative effects listed above, the media can be powerfully prosocial and educational. Children and teenagers can learn antiviolence attitudes, empathy, tolerance toward people of other races and ethnicities, and respect for their elders. Video games can be beneficial as well, including improving compliance with chemotherapy regimens in adolescents with cancer.Important and useful public messages can be successfully embedded into primetime television shows that are popular with adolescents. In an episode of the television program Friends, for example, Rachel tells her boyfriend Ross that she is pregnant although they had used a condom. A national telephone survey conducted with Friends viewers after the episode aired found that adolescents learned that condoms are not fool- proof and were more likely to discuss contraception with their parents.Similarly, a recent episode of Grays Anatomy was effective in teaching viewers about HIV and pregnancy. Research into the impact of digital media on relationship formation and maintenance has revealed that on-line communication and on-line self-disclosure can stimulate adolescents social connectedness and, thereby, their well-being. However, the benefits of socializing on-line are not equal for every child or adolescent. The positive Internet effect holds only when adolescents predominantly talk with their existing friends.Communication technologies that are most often used to communicate with strangers (eg, chat in a public chat room) or more solitary forms of Internet use (such as surfing the Web) have negative effects on social connectedness. TRADITIONAL MEDIA AND NEW MEDIA Children and adolescents spend more time with media than they do in any other activity except for sleepingan average of 7 hours/day. Child rens bedrooms are replete with media technology by 2005, two thirds had a television set, one half had a VCR or DVD player or video-game console, and nearly one third had Internet access or a computer.Media impact is increased significantly with the presence of a bedroom television viewing increases 1 to 2 hours/day, risk of overweight increases by 31%, and the likelihood of smoking doubles. When a television is in the bedroom, parents are less able to monitor viewing habits , children participate in fewer activities such as reading and hobbies, and sleep is shortened Field Observation Focus group One of the aims of my research paper was to understand what children feel about the way they are affected by the Digital media. To do this i used one of our qualitative methods focus group.A focus group is a method that is used by researchers to find out what peoples opinions and views are. During a focus group the researcher(s) will ask questions to stimulate discussion within the group, while taking note of what people are saying about particular issues. The focus group were conducted in Notre dame college-lwaize in total, 10 young people (5 males and 5 females) took part, who were all aged between 9 12year. Question asked during the focus group * Do Digital media take a lot of your time? * Do you feel lost when you are not connected? Do you go online to check for new updates? * Do you feel you always have to go online to learn/view information? * Do you forget to eat when you are connected? * Do you use online social networking to retrieve any type of information? * Does spending time on social networking affects on your grades in a negative way? * Do you think you can stop yourself from always connecting online? * Are you unable to continue your day without checking for updates of news / friends online? * Has social networking sites made you become depressed? Do you enter sexual websites? * Do you talk with stranger people online? Analysis After the focus group s were done, the information was analyzed and i was able to put together the information to have a basic result. I can say that each person had his/her own view, the information was not possible to evaluate and conduct on a percentage scale. The focus group study it showed that the males spend more time on social networking sites then men. They believe they do spend more time online which allows them to play ad enter many kind of websites.All participants believe online social networking is time consuming and has its negatives. Some of the negatives given about online social networking. Some positives were it has allowed a number of people to be curious to want to know more information, to learn more, to be able to communicate with people in different countries and be entertained. Solution and recommendation Parents should limit total screen time for children older than 2 years to no more than 1 to 2 hours/day, and avoid screen time for children younger than 2 years.Also keep childr ens bedrooms free of screen media and co-view media with their children and discuss the content.. Parents also need to avoid exposing young children to PG-13 and R-rated movies, given the prevalence of violent and sexual content in higher-rated film sand the new evidence that movie scenes that depict drinking alcohol and smoking may be very influential in teenagers decisions to use alcohol and tobacco. In addition, parents can be mindful of their own media practices, because studies have shown that the strongest predictor of childrens heavy media use is parents heavy media use.Parental efforts to interpret, elaborate, and provide supplemental information on topics introduced by television have been found to be successful in countering negative or harmful content. In a recent study on exposure to sexual media content, adolescents who report that they discuss the content of what they see on television are less likely to engage in risky sexual activity. Moreover, Schools have not kept pace with modern media, especially in violence prevention, drug prevention, and sex education programs.With the amount of sexual suggestiveness currently displayed on television and in movies, schools no longer have any excuse for not providing comprehensive school-based sex education programs for children and adolescents, including full discussions of contraception and discussions of how sex and sexuality are portrayed in the media. Similarly, drug education programs must progress beyond scare tactics to incorporate principles of media education, teaching young people how to deconstruct alcohol and tobacco ads and, therefore, become more resilient.Conclusion During the past 50 years, thousands of research studies have revealed that the media can be a powerful teacher of children and adolescents and have a profound impact on their health. To date, too little has been done by parents, health care practitioners, schools, the entertainment industry, or the government to protect childre n and adolescents from harmful media effects and to maximize the powerfully prosocial aspects of modern media. More research is needed, but sufficient data exist to warrant both concern and increased action.

'An Explication of Beowulf’s Monologue About His Past\r'

'Katie Taylor EH 215 Volf 4 February 2013 Beowulf’s ancient Beowulf is an epic meter that is filled with episodes and digressions that raise a better understanding of the poem as a whole. In peerless of the episodes, Beowulf speaks of his past, and the reader can learn astir(predicate) his upbringing as a nestling and how it has affected him as an adult. This monologue in addition gives some information a splurge office Hrethel and his sons. The main purpose of this anecdote, however, is to describe how and when Beowulf began his passage of combat and fame.Within Beowulf’s monologue, the author utilizes alliterations and kenning to do the poem flow and to emphasize the say-so and valor of Beowulf as an epic hero. hotshot such example is the kenning apply at the beginning of the episode. It reads, â€Å"Beowulf, son of Ecgtheow, spoke…” (2425). quite of the phrasing reading â€Å"Beowulf spoke,” this phrase adds push to the beginning. I t reinforces the idea that Beowulf is seen as an extremely sizable hero that can take on anything that comes his way as opposed to â€Å" except Beowulf. If â€Å"son of Ecgtheow” were not used, Beowulf would seem close boring compared to the magnificent, heroic image that comes to spirit when this phrase is employed. Alliteration is in any case used to allow the poem to flow and also to leave alone an interesting element to other than b consume sentences. â€Å"While I was in his ward he treated me no worse as a ablactate…” is referring to mightiness Hrethel’s â€Å"adoption” of Beowulf afterward his begetter died (2432).The repetition of the W unsounded allows easy movement through the chronicle that Beowulf tells, and it keeps the reader interested in what is be said. Another example of alliteration is the lines 2479-2480: â€Å"My get kith and kin avenged these evil events, as everybody k instantaneouslys…” Without any sound repetition, the reader would beseem bored with the legend, but the author strategically places these examples of alliteration in the epic to provide more exciting details. Along with these rhetorical devices, this passage gives significant details bout Beowulf’s upbringing. The reader learns that Beowulf’s father Ecgtheow dies when Beowulf is only seven years old. King Hrethel takes him in, though, and treats him like one of his own sons. Later, the superpower’s oldest son Herebeald is accidentally killed by his juvenilityer brother Haethcyn. King Hrethel is so depressed that he lay flock and dies from grief. Afterward, thither is a battle surrounded by the Swedes and the Geats, in which Hrethel’s son Haethcyn, the newfound king, is killed in battle.Hygelac, the last son of Hrethel and now the new king of the Geats, gave Beowulf treasure and land for urge oning alongside them. This battle seems to be one of the prototypic that Beowulf parti cipated in. He says, â€Å"I marched ahead of him [Hygelac], always there at the front of the line; and I shall fight like that for as long as I live…” (2497-2499). After that first battle, Beowulf launched himself into a life of war and fame, eternally craving the recognition and treasures that came after a successful battle or killing.Beowulf’s monologue about his past allows readers into his take heed so that they can understand why he fights the way he does and where he came from in the first place. Without this episode, the poem as a whole would suffer because there would be no back story to explain Beowulf’s desire to whacking monsters and achieve the fame that he thinks he deserves. perchance he is making up for the detail that his father died when he was so young: he is trying to live a life that would make his father grand that Beowulf was his son.\r\n'

'Black Americans Essay\r'

'for the first time scurrilous Americans faced problems in the siemens because of lynching and the Jim prevail Laws. Lynching meant that racial flannel Americans would put the law into their realize hand and punish obtuse volume whenever they please. They would hang the victim from a tree. In 1897 123 low volume were lynched in the south, 84 in 1903 and 61 in 1921. The constabulary would turn a blind sum and made no effort to duty tour lynching from happening. Even though bondage ended in 1865 ominous people faced the threat of violence, intimidation and racial discrimination on almost a daily bases. The Jim tout Laws were created to keep freshs and dreary people away from each other. The Jim Crow Laws covered all(prenominal) the aspects of life. low-spirited Americans were stop from using the same restaurants, hotels, libries, taxis, and even cemeteries. If menacing people hopeed to vote the Jim Crow Law made them have to spend a difficult literacy test and they would have to pay high taxes.\r\nNearly 2million black Americans moved from the southern states to the northwesterly in hope of a better life. This was called the spectacular Migration They thought they would be able to deal the Jim Crow Laws and racism as a whole, they wanted to go to the north for a better chance at jobs and gentility hardly little did they know. Secondly black Americans faced problems in the south because of the KKK. The KKK stands for the Ku Klux Klan; they were a racist group and were part of a secret society. The leader of the KKK in the 1920’s was a dentist called Hiram Wesley Evans whose name in the KKK was Imperial Wizard. Only WASP’s could belong to the KKK- White Anglo Saxon Protestants. The KKK targeted blacks mainly, only if they also hated Jews, Catholics and Liberals but in that location main focus was curt black families that were very vulnerable. 5 million sporty Americans joined the KKK between 1920 to 1925. Most member s where poor white people because they were afraid that black people would take over their jobs. somewhat of the KKK members were judges, policemen and lawyers.\r\nThey would dress in white sheets and white hoods to cover their identities. The KKK used a commixture of different methods such as intimidation, murders, raping, whipping, lynching, emasculation and tar burning. The Black Americans tried to fend for back using non-violent methods. The NAACP -National Association for the advance of Coloured People- asked the president for new laws to servicing combat the KKK violence but authentic very little results. In the 1920’s Black Americans started to turn to the ‘Back to Africa’ travail which told blacks that they should return to their native America. This was started by Marcus Garvey but the whole movement faltered when he was arrested for fraud and move to prison.\r\nIn 1926 membership of the KKK dropped from 2million to 300,000 people. in conclusio n black Americans faced problems in the north because there was still racism around. Black people would be sent to expire in the worst parts of the poorest cities. They were digest to be hired and first to be fired from any jobs that they could get their hands on. Factory owners in northern cities knew that vast numbers of black people knew how to lop well because of the slavery era. So they sent people down South to embolden them to take jobs in their factories up northeastern with promises of good salaries.\r\nThey wanted to add to the pond of white workers to keep down wages. So the black workers were encouraged to move jointure to compete with white workers. The white workers did not welcome the black workers with open weapons system because they naturally saw them as a threat. The black workers were willing to work for little money at least at first. So this led to racial tension. The white Americans refused to accept black members to protect the jobs. some other thin g was that white neighbourhoods did not want poor black people and the problems that came with them sorrowful into their neighbourhoods. It was a bad situation all around and led to much racial issues and even race riots These are the problems black people faced in the the States during the 1920s.\r\n'

'A Few Good Men\r'

'You can’t traveling bag the integrity! Son, we live in a world that has w exclusivelys, and those walls have to be keep an eye on by men with guns. Who’s gonna do it? You? You, Lt. Weinburg? I have a greater responsibility than you could possibly fathom. You weep for Santiago, and you oath the marines. You have that luxury. You have the luxury of non knowing what I know. That Santiago’s expiry, bit tragic, probably saved lives. And my existence, musical composition grotesque and incomprehensible to you, saves lives. You don’t want the truth beca purpose deep trim down in places you don’t bawl out about at parties, you want me on that wall, you need me on that wall.\r\nWe use terminology like honor, code, loyalty. We use these words as the backb adept of a carriage play out defending something. You use them as a punchline. I have neither the meter nor the sway to explain myself to a macrocosm who rises and sleeps chthonian the blank et of the very exemption that I provide, and then questions the manner in which I provide it. I would preferably you fairish said thank you, and went on your way, Otherwise, I suggest you pick up a weapon, and stand a post. either way, I don’t bedevil a damn what you think you argon authorize to.\r\nRHETORICAL ANALYSIS A Few Good Men is a film that was released in 1992, a eon when the United States was between soldiery conflicts in the Persian Gulf and Kosovo. The film investigates the nonions of inviolate power, particularly in the military. Along with that, it in addition is about the legal investigation into the privy death of a marine at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba. At the film’s climax, Col. Nathan Jessup, played by Jack Nicholson, is cross-examined by decagram lawyer, Lt. Daniel Kaffee, played by Tom Cruise.\r\n impeach of playing a division in the torture and death of a marine, Jessup is chuck in a position where he has to defend his actions and articulate his role of magnificence in the preservation of American granting immunity. The consultation in the film which Jessup is fork outing to run that he is absolved of any victimize doing is a control panel made up of military officers. It is this group of people who conciliate the fate of Jessup. Through and interesting amalgamateing of ethos, logos and pathos, Jessup employs a short, but well-rendered monologue to appeal to the jurors.\r\nWhen establishing a thought of ethos with his auditory smack, Jessup does so simply by stating his name. As a Colonel in the United States Marine Corp. , his auditory modality, also made up of military force-out would recognize that he is a high-altitude officer whose words and character should continue prestige. He also establishes ethos with a series of rhetorical questions: â€Å"Son, we live in a world that has walls, and those walls have to be keep an eye on by men with guns. Who’s gonna do it? You? Y ou, Lt. Weinburg? When using rhetorical questions referring to whether or not Kaffee or his partner Weinburg would be up for the task of doing his job, Jessup is also asking these questions of the jurors. The schema is to get one to ask one’s self if they could handle the formidable responsibility that comes along with Col. Jessup’s role of defending America’s freedom at Guantanamo Bay. Chances ar that given these questions, the members of the jury would recognize, if anything, that Jessup’s job and title are demanding and that he is a man of honor.\r\nSimilarly, when Jessup states, â€Å"We use words like honor, code, loyalty. We use these words as the backbone of a life spent defending something. You use them as a punchline. ” What he his doing is attempting to take his listening by using the inclusive pronoun â€Å"we” and the goop â€Å"you. ” By â€Å"we” Jessup is implying we the true members of the United States m ilitary, we who treasure the freedoms of our country and we who live by the credo: honor, code and loyalty. â€Å"You,” on the other hand, is referring to Kaffee who has the toad to challenge Jessup’s role in a marine’s death.\r\nBy implementing a we/you dialogue, Jessup is difficult to appeal to his sense of credibility with the audition. Jessup also refers to the marine’s death as â€Å"tragic. ” Using this eccentric person of word is important. By calling the death â€Å"tragic” his is exhibiting to his audience, the jury, that he is sympathetic to the expiry of lifeâ€even when he is cosmos accused of causing it. Showing his audience that he can be sympathize with is also a way of establishing ethos with the jury Along with ethos, Jessup uses a good gist of emotional appeal, or pathos, in this monologue.\r\nThe source line, for example, is â€Å"You can’t handle the truth! ” This type of emotionally charged re solving power is meant to inspire the emotions of the jury. By having established that he is not a man who go out be pushed around on the come over to it stand, that he is a person who go away fight back against his accusers, Jessup opens with an emotionally-loaded punch. Soon after, Jessup refers to his interrogator a â€Å"son. ” season this may be like a casual and ordinary word, it is not. By calling Kaffee â€Å"son,” Jessup is again display his contempt for the people who have the typeface to question his authority.\r\nIn short, it is an insult. Using footling language to refer to someone who is in or so regards Jessup’s peer emphasizes that while both people in this burst are men, Jessup holds rank over Kaffee. Jessup’s use of the word â€Å"son” to control Kaffee is an attempt to persuade the jury’s view of the lawyer. In fact, may members of the audience probably out-ranked Kaffee. If they would see him also in this li ght, they would side with Jessup. Finally, toward the end of the monologue, Jessup states, â€Å"Either way, I don’t give a damn what you think you are authorize to. Listening to the words spoken, these lines are the most emotionally impactful. Jessup personally attacks Kaffee’s statement that he felt he was entitled to the truth. By this and the previous examples, Jessup uses pathos to try to persuade his audience. Effectively, he is exhibiting his anger and anger to the audience, the jury, to counter act any descent or evidence presented against him. By trying to appeal to the emotions of the jury, Jessup hopes he can â€Å"out-bully” his opponent. magical spell ethos and pathos are evident in Jessup’s monologue, he appeal to the audience’s intellect, or logos, is also present.\r\nWhile logos is most commonly exhibited with the usage of statistical data, expert certification and survey findings, Jessup appeals to the jury’s sense o f logos by constructing logical arguments. In the middle of Jessup’s monologue, he states, â€Å" I have neither the time nor the inclination to explain myself to a man who rises and sleeps under the blanket of the very freedom that I provide, and then questions the manner in which I provide it. I would rather you just said thank you, and went on your way. ” Here, Jessup is appealing to his jury’s sense of logic.\r\nHe is accusing Kaffee of engaging in insincere behavior. Jessup sees himself as almost a god-like figure, someone who â€Å"provides” America with safety and freedom with his actions. In Kaffee, he sees a beneficiary of that freedom who questions his authority. By trying to make Kaffee compute like a hypocrite, he is attempting to persuade his audience with a logical argument. Jessup is in effect saying, â€Å"all of your luxuries and freedoms are granted to you by me… who are you to bite the hand that feeds you? In trying to make th e jury see this logical argument, Jessup hopes he can persuade them to see things his way. Through an interesting mix of appeals to credibility, emotions and intellect, Jessup tried to persuade the jury to view his point of view. By using his military clout, choosing aggressive language and constructing logical arguments, Jessup defended his actions to the jury. though it is at times effective, it was all for vigour as moments after delivering this monologue, he succumbs to all the pathos built up in his speech and admits he is guilty.\r\n'

'Pros and Cons of Globalization\r'

'Susan McCormick PLSC323 The Pros and Cons of globalisation Starting come to the fore, I would first homogeneous to define globalisation. It is” The planetary motivatement toward e bunkoomic, financial ,trade, and communications integration. globalisation implies the opening of topical anesthetic and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdep mop upent beness with free transfer of capital, goods, and services crosswise national frontiers. How perpetually, it does non include unhampered movement of labor and, as suggested by some economists, whitethorn hurt light or fragile economies if applied indiscriminately. ”(Parikh,Jan. 010) globalization has become one of the most debated subjects of the 2000s. It has been verbalise that it is one of the best things to happen to the military personnel by its professional personponents, and its opponents ar labelled at is neo-imperialism. According to CNN”Globalization a nd local anestheticization ar two sides of the same coin. More than ever, local communities argon the secret of economic success. In the coming decades, the number and strength of Americas originator hubs pull up stakes determine whether, as a domain we will prosper or decline. Physical occurrenceories will abide by losing importance, besides cities with a large percentage of nterconnected, super educated roleplayers will become the freshly factories where ideas and knowledge atomic number 18 forged. Supporting ontogenesis in Americas innovation hubs while nab the decline elsewhere is the real repugn that we face as a nation. ”(CNN today, October 9,2012) in that location ar numerous pros and cons of globalization of which I will attempt to talk somewhat some(prenominal) in the upcoming pages. I am beginning with the pros: Productivity grows speedy when countries draw goods and services in which they contain a comparitive advantage. Some argue that globali zation gives a rise to innovative industries and more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than jobs in ontogenesis countries.It to a fault gives organizations irritate to cheap resources and labour in developing aras in the humanness. It chooses to greater employment opportunities for the nation and too consumers check quality goods at competitive rates. Transport and distribution systems be withal more efficient than ever before, making it oft easier faster, and cheaper for businesses to deliver their products to consumers. electronic transfers in like manner make making and receiving transnational deliverments more secure and faster. Companies also stool more flexibility to operate crosswise borders therefore they arouse profit through and through domestic as well as international nd also they house involve access to much cheaper capitial from some early(a) countries if the rate of interest is low. Globalization gives you a larger market therefore you crumb sel l more goods and make more money. Global competition and cheap imports keep prices low and steady, so inflation is slight likely to interrupt economic growth. The products are improved ascribable to global competition. readiness styles, languages, customs have all diffuse due to globalization. The spread of facts of life worlwide is also affected meaning you croup go everywhere in the world and stay put the education you seek. Foreign trade is impact on an conomy, the WTO controls the way things are handled passim the world. Comparitive advantage is a factor. Politics are merging and decisions that are being do are actually beneficial for tidy sum throughout the world. We have become more social and open and tolerant towards new(prenominal) countries, and we dont treat volume from different countries as aliens. There are numerous other pros to globalization, but I will end there. The cons are estimable as much as the pros. Some of the cons are that smaller domestic firms lack the resources to compete with the jumbo international companies and may be compel out of business.All the traveling of the people and the goods from country to country could spread infectious diseases that are extremely deadly. One of the biggest complaints closely globalization is that it makes the rich richer and the non- rich more s lott(p). Opponents hypothesise that globalization makes it easier for those rich companies to act with slight accountability. Claims have also been made that countries man-to-man cultures are being start outn everywhere by Americanization. Exploitation of labor is other problem. Prisoners and child workers are used to work in inhumane conditions, and their safety is being put in jeopardy in order to produce cheap goods.There is also an increase in human trafficking. The social wel distante schemes are chthonic colossal pressure in demonstrable countries because of deficits and other economic ramifications of globalization. Mult inational companies and corporations which were held tooshie from mercantile activities are progressively influenced the political decisions. approximately people think that there is a threat of corporations to rule the world because they are gaining power due to globalization. As far as jobs go, millions of Americans have lost their jobs because of end product or imports shifts abroad. Most find new jobs with less pay.Other millions of people are apprehensive to lose their jobs at the companies operating below competitive pressure. They also face pay cuts from employers which most of the time threaten to merchandise jobs. The white collar jobs are increasingly vulnerable to operations that are pitiful offshore. Some of the poorest countries in the world,such(prenominal) as Africa may live on even poorer. They do non have the education or the new technology that we do. It can cause unemployment in industrialized countries because companies move their factories to places wh ere they can get cheaper workers. Globalization also can lead to environmental problems.Say a company wants to material body a milling machinery over in a poor country in the Third World. That country because of the new factory may have to cut complicate more trees to sell wood, and also take up the footing which they use for resources such as food and supplies. Being of disadvantage,the under developed countries most of the time have to do what the developed companies tell them what to do. As far as poorer countries go their aspect at fair trade is hindered, forcing the developed countries to produce export foods wanted by wealthier companies instead of producing food for locals to feed their own population. The bigger companies develop rchards and plantations and once over again reduce the land for the production of local food supplies. When it comes to whether or not I am pro or con globalization I would say I am on the fence. I do not agree with the work conditions that t he people in the factories are subject to. savage treatment is unfair and jusat plain cruel. I was watching the news a touch of weeks ago and watched people jumping out of the Apple create windows commiting suicide due to the horrible work conditions. There are also what they call â€Å"suicide nets” pose outside of factories due to the window jumpers from poor condtions. The spread of life threatening iseases also concerns me from the back and forth of import and exports. The fact that countries that are bigger and more in good order can overrule the less felicitous and smaller developing countries seems a touch unfair. The taking of Third World companies land to benefit or make wage and deprive them of their resources by also building factories on their land also does not sit well with me. The unemployment rates in industrialized countries is caused by globalization because firms move their factories over to places where they can get the cheapest laborers. With globa lization we must also keep in mind that we want to make ure that both sides are profiting from the exchange of goods. I also think that we should as a more technoligical and educated country give back to the third world better education and and resources to more technology so that they can gain more profit from globalization. I am also not adroit with the way the economy is playing out. On the plus side, I am pro as well. I come the fact that I can open up my computer,click start and get to just about any product in the world and sometimes even cheaper than I can get from the United States. For instance,I do not have health insurance.I have authorized conditions that I have to be on medication for otherwise my health will will fail. In the US at any pharmacy my medication cost me over 400 dollars! I whence was turned on to a Canadian pharmacy that I could get deuce-ace months worth of my medication for a little under three hundred dollars! Without globalization this would never happen. I also love exotic food and fruits that are merchandise into the US from other countries. I like the fact that we are friendly with other countries and are able to trade without any political problems. I can go to another country and get just as good of an education or even better over there.Export jobs produce more income than other jobs. Globalization gives us a wider market which means you can sell more goods and make more money. The more globalization the cheaper the products become, and the faster they get to us. Bibliography: Business Week, â€Å"The pros and cons of globalization”, April 2000 University of Western Sydney â€Å"The impact of globalization” Manufacturing. net, â€Å"Saving American Manufacturing”, by Mike Collins,6/28/2010 Letslearnfinance. com,”Ad vantages and Disadvantages of globalization” Taking Sides,”Clashing views on Global Issues”,fourth edition,Hart and Lombardi,2007\r\n'

'How to Overcome a Fear\r'

'It is natural for everyone, counterbalance the most game tidy sum, to have cultisms, which argon the body’s bad emotional reactions to something affright. However, when dreads limit populate’s everyday routine and defend them from living their life norm onlyy, it is snip to name maneuver, which is not an easy work. Most heap want to vote out their tendings, but argon not sure how. Here are 4 paces which leave behind be attendful to overcome reverences. The runner step is analyzing the consternation. The more clearly you understand your business, the easier for you to come about how to handle it.Therefore, in this very first stage, you need to identify your devotion: its name, its take in and its effect; and determine whether there is a trade good reason for the existence of the fear because some fears rear be well-informed emotions that protect you from danger. afterward that, you also should intend about what exactly you want to alterat ion. It office that beside the big goal: overcoming the fear, midgeter ones is requisite to be set to friend you commence there. For example, if your fear is heights, you may want to be able to go on a hiking trip with the outdoor club at school.One more important thing is that all this fear analysis should be write down as a journal. It pass oning be a good carriage to track your progress of conquering your fear and also a guide for the conterminous time when you have an other problem. After the fear is analyzed, in this second step, it ordain have to be taken control of. It depends on what your fear is. If you are horror-stricken of something because it is a mystery, try exposing yourself to it in small doses until you gain a better understand and your fear begins to dissipate.Or, if you are frightened by a particular thing, confronting head-on will be the silk hat way to overcome it. No matter which situation you are in, taking control of a fear is not easy. It wil l take galore(postnominal) times before you can take for it conquered. During that long period, to blow over up is mere(a) and to keep trying is difficult. When you face with set fannys, it can be tempting to wear out up. Hence, plosive speech sound determined to persevere even when it overtakems impractical to get past your fear by keeping these pointers in mind: do not confuse fear with delegate and do not let other people hold you back.Changing the way of thought about fear is the close step. It has to be admitted that sometimes fear also impel feelings of exhilaration and even passion. That is why people enjoy extreme sports, horror movies or other risky games. Try to reframe your fear in a positive easygoing and acknowledge the thrill it can tour and you will not find it frightened anymore. Moreover, fear can be apply as a tool to help us identify problems and solve them effectively. It is a guidepost warning us when something necessitate attention.Once the disc omfort of the initial wave of fear passes, examine it more closely to see what you can learn. When you start seeing fear as a source of readiness or an opportunity for promotion, you might even embrace its role in your life. Finally, fall in the fear a place in the life because there is no way to eliminate it totally. Like joy or sadness, fear is a valid emotion. It builds your timber and teaches you how to act with courage. Also, do not appear until the fear has been completely overcome to give yourself a pat on the back for your effort.Celebrate each milestone and when you see how good it feels to gain an edge on the fear, you will be ready to face the next one head-on. In conclusion, there are four major steps to help people overcome a fear: analyze the fear, take control of it, change the way of thinking about it and give it a place in the life. every last(predicate) of these steps are not simple and often take much of time and effort to be successful. However, nothing is unfeasible if you really want and try your best to gain it.\r\n'

'The Mayans – Popol Vuh Summary\r'

'The Mayans †A fundamental Summary on Popol Vuh and Xibalba Information on the Popol Vuh The Popol Vuh is unrivalled of the only remaining texts we consider of ancient Mayan cultures. It is, for lack of a fail word, their bible. In English its most put translation is â€Å"Book of the Mat” nevertheless it can translate into its more significant name, â€Å"Book of the Community”. It encompasses a physique of stories and legends as sanitary as a hi layer of the mayan ancestors.Its most famous story is the creation legend of the Hero Twins. This myth explains how two abandoned twins ventured into the Mayan sin called Xibalba and defeated the â€Å"bad” Gods and the arrogant Xibalbans people. They thus ascended out of Xibalba to the sky where they became the sun and the moon. This phonograph recording was an authoritative germ of ethnic hereditary pattern to the Mayan people and the religions they practiced.It explains the importance of Maya as a divine place and culture, as well as introduces important figures such as the Maize God. After Bishop Diego de Landa’s obliteration on Mayan literature, it is an extremely valuable source of information. Information on Xibalba Xibalba is to the Mayans what Hell is for us. It translates to something on the lines of, â€Å"the place of fear”. However, it has many important differences.For instance, instead of eternal damnation in one endless fiery counterbalance (aka: Hell) there are seven chambers. all(prenominal) chamber is a different argufy or nightmare that you have to face. The Mayans retrieve a person has five souls, one of which ventures into Xibalba. Depending on how evil you have been depends on how deep into Xibalba your soul goes. Again, the deeper you go, the worse it becomes. Xibalba has cultural significance because it develops the idea of key gods, religions and practices such as the Mayan ballgames.\r\n'

'The Value of Discipline – Short Essay\r'

'The Value of separate Discipline is the solve of training oneself in obedience, self control, skill, etcetera The controlled, ordered behaviour results from such training. Discipline is the basis of the whole universe. The solar remains is governed by certain laws to maintain perfect(a) harmony and beauty. Without this order, there would be divulge chaos. Discipline is a basic extremity of a civilized association. Citizens of a trail nation work with a feeling of cooperation and unity. Aristotle has justifiedlyly said, â€Å"Discipline is obedience to rules create by the society for the good of all.Discipline should be inculcated from a very young age. endowment and genius alone are non enough to achieve success. Discipline has an equally important role to play. Talents blossom in a disciplined person. Discipline in schools may reduce the violence and hooliganism and attend the students to focus better on their studies and career. Discipline is important even in th e family. Parents must raise their children in a pleasant and disciplined atmosphere. They should teach them the right values. They should themselves lead an orderly life so that their children can learn from their example.Children growing in disciplined and happy homes become responsible for(p) adults. All should follow the rules and regulations laid by law. Discipline means full identification of the sense of responsibility. This will bring pull ahead and prosperity in the society and the nation. A proper and reasonable balance has to be stuck between liberty and discipline. The restraints or discipline must course be designed for the social good and it is obvious that exuberant restraints will inevitably lead to the erosion of human liberties. MY ROLE AS A STUDENTMy role as student in a society entails various things. Firstly, to undertake on studies so that I fail into well-educated individual that make evidentiary contributions to the society in the future. Secondly, to pass on whatever knowledge I select to others. This can take on numerous forms ranging from helping your siblings to creating awareness about environmental issues such as global warming. Thirdly, to acquit as responsible youth. This means to track clear of any unlawful activities. It similarly involves not damaging the society and distracting acts of destruction.As a student I shall try and end myself from all such activities for my benefit as well as the societys. Fourthly, to do what I can to protect my environment and society. As a student I shall avoid litter places and should try to invest a few hours into community services if possible. As student I will excessively try to behave respectfully to the elders of the society and take care of their needs i. e. help an elder to cross a driveway; stand up and make musculus quadriceps femoris for an elder to sit if there is none. This hear shows about 200 common phrasal verbs, with meanings and examples.Only the most usual meanings are given. roughly phrasal verbs may have redundant meanings. | | | 1. | | | 2. | | | 3. | | | 4. | | | 5. | | | 6. | | | 7. | | | 8. | | | 9. | | | 10. | | | 11. | | | 12. | | | 13. | | | 14. | | | 15. | | | 16. | | | 17. | | | 18. | | | 19. | | | 20. | | | 21. | | | 22. | | | 23. | | | 24. | | | 25. | | | 26. | | | 27. | | | 28. | | | 29. | | | 30. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\r\n'

'Mcb Internship Report\r'

'[pic] INTERNSHIP REPORT ON Moslem COMMERCIAL patois Instructed by: Mr. Naveed Ahmed re bring iner Comsats Institute of In repre moveation Technology Presented by: Muhammad Hussain MBA-A Roll No. 65 Semester 3 DEDICATION I dedicate either of my education a recollective with my bread and butter to my heartfelt p bents and respected t individu either in e precise last(predicate)yers, who were always change to me. w nominateethorn God B little Them (Aamin). Muhammad Hussain TABLE OF circumscribe 1. Pre brass 2. Introduction Of desire 3. images of dep maven 4. Executive Summary of MCB 5. History of MCB 6. trance & Mission pedagogy of MCB 7. commercialised-grade till 8. Branches & ambiences 19 9.\r\n crossroad & benefits21 10. surgical incision in MCB25 11. Management Hierarchy28 12. coronation deposeing 13. K at one quantify Your guest 14. absolution Department 15. fiscal conjurements 16. found up analysis 17. Work Per changeed By Me 18. Findi ngs 19. Recommandations prolusion relying sector owes a pivotal wideness in the economy of whatsoever unsophisticated with with(predicate) its variant enjoyments. This basic bonus that stressed me to join any shore for Intern enchant Training. More everywhere, the experience and practice learned during this upgrade in addition prove true re mildewative and facilitating in the forthcoming professional life.\r\nThis treat is the result of cardinal months Internship jib, Islamic technical brim, Kot F atomic progeny 18ed, Sahiwal. The motive behind selecting this blaspheme is that it is one of the Top 10 Asia, hard billsbox‘s. The incident waits that Islamic moneymaking(prenominal) pious platitude, posses an outgo/cut and historical importingance realness the to the highest degree senior and spark advance in terms fluids and operate to Pakistan at every last(predicate) ages of life. I had with the untouch suitable belief that this repor t shakeing volition guide and facilitate the readers to empathise the componenting of relying remains and to a greater extent signifi hindquarterstly defecate intelligent k straightaway takege astir(predicate) Moslem commercial desire.\r\nMy utmost exploits to tame this report wit, material read, listened and ob inspection and repaird. Yet, I disc completely everyplace that this period was non long bounteous to learn and d throwstairsstand the complex and general functioning of riming sector. I am in truth thankful to the blameless staff sh ars of the said(prenominal) ramify for the friendly and cooperative carriage during my internship. Muhammad Hussain MBA-A Roll No. 65 w ell-developed intrusting practiceup fulfills very(prenominal) signifi brookt contribution in the frugal using of a clownish. briming sector is precondition for the ontogeny of any realm.\r\nThe curseing sector monetary aids in graceful role of resources of the domain by financing the less developed sector. It similarly helps to keep cumulative affect in proper isotropy with the supply of those resources, which argon responsive to monetary demand. ex stick OF blaspheme. â€Å"A bank is an institution, which deals in heavy(p). ” I BROADLY SPEAKING â€Å" curses develop trim gold from the community who atomic chassis 18 non using it at that time, and spend a penny to those who atomic human body 18 in a space staff to drop it for reapingive take aims. ” 2 IN OTHER WORDS â€Å" depose besides accepts the deposits from globe re turn out able-bodied on demand or separatewise and withdrawal by check-out procedures.\r\n conscriptions dictate and let in any deport office parsimoniousness bank. ” BANK. The word bank is said to ask been derived from the Italian language â€Å"Bancus” or â€Å"Banque”. The History of banking is transacted to be as early as 200 B. C. PEGETS DEFINITION: no one anybody. corporeal or different(a)wise eject be a banker who does non: I Open accepted bill 2 earnings look intos haggard on him 3 Collect draw offs for his clients. HARTS DEFINITION. â€Å"A hanker is one who is in the modal(a) course of his commercial enterprise, honors bridles displace upon his by psyches from and for whom he receives money on current broadsheet. ” concord TO THE BANKING COMPANIES ORDINANC, 1962:\r\nSECTION 5(B): â€Å" camberer core a psyche trans playing the stage business of evaluate, for the purpose of lending or enthronisation, of deposits from the universe, and withdrawal by hitchs, drafts, hostelry of separatewise, and be any post office economic strategy banks. ” IMPORTANCE OF BANKING. bounds play very severally(prenominal) important(predicate) role in the economic life of a nation. The harvest-feast of the economy is pendant upon the soundness of its banking system. Although banks so non farm nov el wealth but borrow, change and con summing upe. These found generation of wealth. In this way. They induce most effective partners in the training of that landed e kingdom.\r\nTo encourage the habit of saving and to bait these savings is its basic purpose. edges deposit tautological from the public and and so advances the surpl engagements in the organise of loans to the industrialists, agriculturists, businessmen and unemployed people beneath heterogeneous schemes so that they modelup their own business. Thus banks help in upper- charget letter brass if in that location ar no banks, and indeed at that place would be slow-wittedness of wealth in some detention great portion of wealth of a rustic would be idle. In the less developing countries rate of saving is very low and payable to this rate of en collectablement and rate of growth is very low.\r\nWe notify take hank just give c atomic procedure 18 a heart in the economic mental synthesis and gr avid tolerated by it is like subscriber variant in it. As long as the blood is in circulation, the electric organs allow for remain sound and healthy. If the blood is not provided to any organ consequently the organ would become lend oneselfless. So if the finance is not provided to agriculture sector or to industrial sector, it wills he destroyed. Loan installment provided by bank works as an inducing to the producer to increase production. jargons provide convert of wages deftness, which is cheaper, quicker and safe.\r\nMany difficulties in the external fee thought been whip and volume of proceeding has been change magnitude. These facilities atomic number 18 very much helpful for the development of take and commerce. EVOLUTION OF BANKING IN INDO PAK SUB-CONTINENT: The Indian friendship was quite familiar with the banking, unspoiled for the beginning. thither is likewise sufficient evidence to direct that during 51h century people were accustomed to use 1- lounds as a opinion investment monetary resource. Loans were presumption to the people against personal and other Securities much(prenominal) as or take a crapnts, mellower(prenominal)-priceds and other immovable properties.\r\nTYPES OF BANK: Following is the list of diverse signs of banks: primal Bank commercial Bank supercede Bank Industrial Bank floriculture Bank I. COMMERCIAL BANK: The banks in any sur slope bea speeded over with an accusive to get the excessive money skeletal system the public in the form of deposits and providing finance to the investors. These Banks ar in the ground for gain earning motive and in competition with apiece other. These banks be providing the basic operate to the guests in the form of deposits, Advances, remittals and others. moneymaking(prenominal) Banking Scenario In Pakistan:\r\nAt the time of Independence in 1947. ther were 38 plan banks with 195 offices in Pakistan. But by December 3l”, 1973 there were 14 sched ule Pakistani Commercial Banks with 3233 Branches in Pakistan and 74 Branches in the remote Countries nationalisation of banks was finished and by on 1st January 1974 under the nationalization Ac 1 947 due to certain(prenominal)(prenominal) objectives. But it had negative effects on the efficiency of the banking sector. Afterwards, a Privatization Com explosive charge was set upon January 2second, 1991. The Commission permutered many banks to the closed-door sector, i. e. Islamic commercial Bank and in allied Bank throttle. The Govt. approved and permitted the tack togetherment of 1 0 unseasonedfound private banks in expansive 1991 Functions of commercial Banks: I borrowing of money from nodes in shape of term deposits (PLS livery Current Deposits and Notice Deposits). 2 loaning of money to borrowers in shape of finances, short finances, and long-term finances under heterogeneous wee-wees much(prenominal) as guide finance, Small Finance, specie Finance. 3 say-so servicings. 4 parrytance of money. 5 Foreign exchange business, foreign property deposits. LCS, Imports and exports and so forth\r\nROLE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE frugal DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY: Banks play an important role in the economic development of a country. If the banking system is nonunionized and in efficient, it creates commercialize placeplace adjustments and impediments in the process of development. In Pakistan, the banking system is organized in well up flair. The domain Bank of Pakistan since July 1st. 1984 stands at the blossom and is responsible of the operation of the banking system. The other bands, which form the banking structure in Pakistan, be play role in h he economic development of the country.\r\nThe role of the commercial bank in the growth and development of the economy on sound and fuddled footings is discussed briefly as follows: Mobilization of Resources: The commercial banks atomic number 18 the most efficient organic law of the economy in the mobilization the resources and execute a utile pool of these resources. winning the Money from the savers and lending it to the investors is the most orotund barter of the hank depoting evolution Projects: The banks and other monetary institutions advance loans for the development projects that bring up the pace of overall development of the country.\r\nThese advances argon make in both public and private sectors for the purpose of achieving a good and strong economic field to cattish on the other activities of trade and business. Creating mode For great(p) Formation: enceinte formation is through with(p) by the act of accepting people’s money and displace into Profitable ventures. This money so accumulated, make mete outable the military serve wellability of the ask bang-up by the investors. The investors on the other excrete argon able to get the shooted funds that shortfall their requirements. Planned festering:\r\nWith the help of well-organized banking sector the presidency is able to make good instruction execution of its economic planning and toilet execute developmental activities for the welf ar of the society. Promotion of Saving function: in that location be persons who pee-pee money but cannot fix them in make headwayable use. The banks attract these persons by quiping a variety of storys. They provide them not unless the safety of the funds but likewise higher thinks on them. The banks, in this way, countenance the habit of saving among the people. Effective Implementation of Monetary Policy:\r\nWith the help of a good banking system in the country the government and the fundamental Banks regulate the monetary supply and demand of the money. A good system helps in the implementation of the policies that ar formulated by the government. l by mover of these banks using different techniques of identification image makes credit on the job(p) out and contraction. Narrowing r egional Disparity: The banks help in bridging the country. The surplus fund of on Region is sent to the c write in codes of deficit. The less developed theatres acquire funds, put them into productive channel and increase production.\r\nThe banks help in a equaliserd growth the economy. Executive Summary CORPORATE   visibleness Mian Mohammad Mansha chairperson S. M. Muneer Vice Chairman Tariq Rafi Shahzad exchangeem Sarmad Amin Aftab Ahmad khan Atif Yaseen Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Mian Raza Mansha Atif Bajwa President / CEO Board deputations : examine delegation Dr. Muhammad Yaqub Chairman Tariq Rafi portion\r\nMian Raza Mansha constituent Atif Yaseen process HR Committee Mian Muhammad Mansha Chairman Dr. Muhammad Yaqub fraction Mian Raza Mansha instalment Atif Bajwa Member fortune Management Committee Mr. Tariq Rafi Chairman S. M.\r\nMuneer Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Aftab Ahmed Khan Member Committee on Physical Planning, IT System and hazard Ar cultivatement s Sarmad Amin Chairman Atif Yaseen Member Aftab Ahmad Khan Member Atif Bajwa Member\r\nBusiness Strategy & Development Committee Mian Mohammad Mansha Chairman S. M. Muneer Member Tariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Atif Bajwa Member ascribe Committee Shahzad Saleem Chairman Sarmad Amin Member\r\nTariq Rafi Member Mian Raza Mansha Member Chief fiscal chest of drawersr Tahir Hassan Qureshi familiarity Secretary Abdus S. Sami take strainors KPMG Taseer Hadi & Co hired considerants Riaz Ahmed & Co. leased count onants Legal Advisors Mandviwalla & Zafar Advocates & Legal Consultants History of Moslem Commercial Bank The Moslem Commercial Bank Limited was in in bodiedd on 9th July 1947 in Calcutta in Bengal. After partition, the Registered Office of the bank was hifted to capital of Bangladesh where it commenced business from swaggering 1948. The Bank transferred its immortaliseed/ head up office from Dhaka to Karachi in 1956. In 1999, its cr oss-fileed / chieftain office was transferred to Islamabad and Karachi office was secernated as spark advance office. The government transferred a 26% caution stake to a crowd of leading industrialists, collectively named National Group of which Mian Mohammad Mansha is the study stake holder. In 1992 a besides 24% was sold to the National Group. The current sh arholding structure is 50% National Group, 25% government and 25% roamed on bourses.\r\nNATIONALIZATION OF MCB Muslim Commercial Bank Limited was nationalized by the government activity of Pakistan in January 1974 under the Banks Nationalization Act, 1974. Subsequent to nationalization the operations of bountifulness Bank Limited were merged with the Muslim Commercial Bank Limited in June 1974. PRIVATIZATION OF MCB The previous Government declargond the privatization indemnity as one of its main objectives and in accordance with its policy, the Government offered Muslim Commercial Bank Limited for privatization. The Bank was the front Public sector bank, which was privatized on 2nd April 1991.\r\nThe Government of Pakistan transferred management of the bank to secret Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, â€Å"National Group” by transplant 26% shargons of the Bank at Rs. 56 per sh atomic number 18. Present Status Over the geezerhood Muslim Commercial bank fostered strong bonds with its nodes. MCB understands them; their needs. They feel restable with MCB; its their bank; it responds to them; listens to them; partners with them; grows with them. That is wherefore it is one of the leading commercial banks of the country, providing a wide range of modem banking work.\r\nAt march, the banking mesh natural viewingology consists of over degree centigrade0 disseveres on with †supreme offices cognise as Area Head offices and Regional Head offices. These run acrossling offices ar responsible for the smooth operation of the bank on National & international levels. The c onsummate financial and operational objectives argon achieved with the human universe Resources strength over 12000 employees. The bank is known as the study credit provider, beat place of working and remuneratemaster in the financial (money market) of the country.\r\nOver the past few eld, MCBs lettuce have been hit by the need to increase provisions coverage and restructuring bell associated with the downsizing of the workforce and break web, whilst there is some need to boost provisions, these charges (necessary to bring the bank confirm into shape) are generally over. It has besides slowly stock permission from the SBP to shut down a number of unprofitable growthes. In 1999 EURO MONEY accepted MCB as the dress hat domestic bank in Pakistan. The banking sector has been worst hit by the external cast crisis that Engulfed the country sideline the nuclear tests. Due to the record of banks as a\r\nMedium for debt achievements the countrys technical default and subsequent evaluate downgrade concerned them the most. Those core concerns are still not fully improve in the view of the investors. The closest that investors have come to positive expectations regarding external account sustainability and a doable re- rating was back in the stern quarter of the yr 1999, and this led to MCB climbing to Pakistani rupees 56 per share. Resumption of the IMF funding and a possible rescheduling of bilateral debt will positively impact the banking sector and especially MCB. allege Bank of Pakistan continued the process of\r\nBanking Reforms, which included prove of Prudential Regulations and focus on retrieval of defaulted loans. In 1999 return on Government Savings evasion and Treasury Bills was reduced, which led to a trim backing of lending frame, resulting in erosion of margins for banks but it is likely to give a boost to economic activity. MCB rupee travelers ticks continued to keep up their leadership position in the industry and sa les takeed a 45% growth over operate socio-economic class. MCB successfully introduced the Rs. 100, 000 denomination baulk countrywide and introduced RTC dialup tele-verification installing from Lahore city as well.\r\n in the main there are three types of Banking in MCB. These are: CORPORATE AND INVESTMENT BANKING incorporate Banking Group of MCB is focusing on top tier local corporate concourses and multinationals in a structured and foc utilize manner building bonds leading to increased market share. Branches having Advances of Rs. 100, 000,000 per party kin and monitoring such advances are called as Corporate Branches. These runneres include corporate clients and their requirements are looked after. There are astir(predicate) 20 corporate pegleges of MCB in Pakistan. OUR VISION & MISSION Vision supposement\r\nTo be the leading financial work provider, partnering with our customers for a more than than prosperous and batten down future. Mission terra firmam ent We are a ag gathering of committed professionals, providing innovative and efficient financial solutions to create and nurture long-term relationships with our customers. In doing so, we ensure that our shareholders can invest in us with presumption. COMMERCIAL BANKING The Commercial Banking Group of MCB continues to swear out the trading association and warmness market, with sustained focus on developing unused customer relationships and increase the asset portfolio.\r\nCONSUMER BANKING The Consumer Banking Group focuses on the lower end of the market and micro credit. undivided customer needs are being serviced through with(predicate) the introduction of diverse lifestyle consumer loans and introduction of new products and partnerships with service providers. nodes will continue to use the extensive branch cyberspace, which in turn will commence deposits to feed the asset development and liquid requirements of the Bank through its diversified and stable deposit point of view. cash dispenser TECHNOLOGY\r\nAt MCB, engineering science has a direct relationship with the needs of the customers, it is a mean of creating comfort and thingamabob for the customer. Over the last few years MCB has invested heavily into streng whenceing its technology backbone. Today it is leading the way in banking technology and setting new standards for the banking industry, peachy into the local market, listening to the needs of the people. MCB’s strength lies in providing technological report at a grass decide levels of the society with a challenge to prepare and assimilate such systems across colossal cultural and economic backgrounds.\r\nWith over 768 modify branches, 243 online branches, over 151 MCB’s cash dispensers in 27 cities nationwide and a interlocking of over 16 banks on the M winnings ambience cast, MCB unalterablely innovates new products and operate that harness technology for the customer’s benefits. Additio nally in enact to enhance the utility of the ambience service they successfully linked their standard atmosphere intercommunicate to the Master table, cirrus and Maestro, effectively befitting part of the bragging(a)st atmosphere meshwork in the world. Masterrailway badger and Cirrus/Maestro users can now access their cash dispensers network.\r\nTogether with the above MCB make a strategic decision to establish an automated teller machine switch and wanton their automatic teller machine network to other banks. The atmosphere switch has been named MNET. It has hobby banks in MNET switch: standardised lease Citi Bank MCB ATM service MCB ATM scorecard Welcome to a world of stratagem with the MCB ATM 24- mo Smart wag. â€Å"It Works. Anytime in Pakistan and abroad. ” With an ever development number of ATMs operating across the nation, the MCB ATM winwork is the largest and most advanced of its kind in the country, and is part of MCBs continuing efforts to provide you with convenience that suits your requirements most.\r\nAnd now the MCB ATM has gone(p) global. MCBs affiliation with Master Card international brings closely added facilities for the MCB traveler abroad with the Cirrus and Maestro networks. So go forrard! Use your MCB ATM 24- Hour Cash Card day or night, at home or abroad. MCB ATM official Card The MCB ATM Regular Card allows withdrawal of up to Rs. 10,000 per day and a maximum of 3 withdrawals per day per card. growES & ATMs Mnet MNET enables all the member banks to share their electronic networks. Which fashion customers of member banks can use MNET as well as 1-Link ATMs Nationwide.\r\nMNET member banks ATM machines accept cards issued by MCB Bank Ltd, Citibank, monetary standard charter, HSBC, Saudi Pak Bank Limited, Habib metropolitan Bank, JS Bank, Deutsche Bank, SME Bank, Arif Habib Rupali Bank and First Women Bank. MNET customers can use over 600,000 ATMs worldwide that carry the logotype and sho p at over 5 million outlets that carry the logo. M-Net switch has shortly 612 ATMs in 50 cities. We plan to have the network grow in quick pace in future as MCB itself will be adding more ATMs by the end of the year.\r\nThe ATM deployment has been planned in such a manner that a customer will be single(prenominal) a few minutes aside from an ATM in major cities. This twin with geographic coverage provides the largest convenient pass out in the country, because of which we are very powerfully concentrating on Diverse Coverage & Convenience. M-Net flick ATMs are present in all the major cities of the country. They are acquirable in the hilliest and northern areas of the country such as Murree, Abbottabad and Swat etc thus providing convenience of accessing 24 hours cash to the customers across the country.\r\nM-Net switch also has its Service Centers in the main cities of the country providing strengthener to member banks customers. M-Net refilling ATMs are also presen t in all 3 main Airports of Pakistan i. e. , Jinnah margininal (Karachi), wholeama Iqbal multinational Airport (Lahore) & Islamabad International Airport. shake offow member BANKS & their ATM Locations In Pakistan, the ATM facilities can be availed at any of the pastime locations: MCB Bank Ltd. Standard Chartered CITIBANK Saudi Pak Bank limited\r\nHSBC Habib Metropolitin Bank Arif Habib Rupali Bank Deutsche Bank First Women Bank SME Bank CORPORATE IMAGE BUILDING In view of Goals formal through mission and vision statement, the prototypical step interpreted was to change the corporate image of the Bank, which run spare-time activity aspects: In 1991 Bank changed its logo from to current logo which is: Which signifies the growth and successfulness? The change of logo was part of effort to change image of the Bank as a progressive bank in the minds of people of country.\r\nA comprehensive electronic media campaign was lanceed with a logo â€Å" bully Banking ge tting even better” stressing on the improvement. An on going process of hardihood Lifting and renovation of MCB branches was started which is still going on. The purpose of it was to ensure the overall outlook of the bank changes and employees get a better environs to work and customers of the bank feel more comfortable. NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SINCE PRIVITIZATION In order to achieve long-term goals of expansion and discernment in the market. Bank introduced miscellaneous new products for its customers, which cater to the needs of various segments of the society.\r\nIn order to do so, a constant process of market research, evaluation and development of stark naked products was started which resulted in introduction of various new products which were earlier not introduced by any other Bank in the country. Introduction of these products was indeed a major source of penetration for the bank and glum out to be a differential coefficient factor as compared to other banks: prime of life funds Accounts †For foreign currency deposits, (since 1991) Mahana Khushali connive †A monthly income plan through deposit of a fixed sum in the account, (since 1991) Hajj Mubarik Scheme †For intending Pilgrims, (since 1991)\r\nCapital Growth Certificates †It doubles the deposit of depositor in 5 years. It offers high rate of return and was introduced for fetching long-term deposit, (since 1991) PLS 365 Savings Accounts. †Introduced high earning product with feature of calculation of profit on effortless product basis. No restriction on deposit withdrawals and nominal deposit of Rs. 300,000/- (since 1992) farm animal Management Scheme †To generate funds to develop petty(a) market for Government Securities (from 1991 to 1992) MCB Khushali Bachat Accounts †Savings accounts with added look upon to customers due to profit drill of casual product basis.\r\nMCB Dollar Khushali Accounts †For foreign currency deposits, (launche d in 1993) FAXPRESS †A fast inter-city Remittance Service, (since 1991) MCB rupee Travelers Cheques †The most popular product of MCB, introduced Rupee Traveler cheque for the very first time in the country and it immediately fetched high share of the market and MCB share is still growing †(launched in 1993) Consultancy Services For intending buyers of present-owned enterprises being privatized, (since 1991) Self-Financing Scheme †Mark-up remedy finance from 5000 to 25000. (since 1991) Night Banking Services (since 1991)\r\n improvement Bills Collection Centers †Separate utility Bills prayer centers were established for collection of utility bills (since 1994) MCB MasterCard †(since 1994) EXPORTMOR †Financing facility for exporter (since 1994) REMITEXPRESS †A fast remission service between Pakistan and Middle East. (Since 1994) individualised Banking Services- In order to promote Consumer Banking system in the country a proper personal Ban king service was started for High Net worth clients of Bank in selected branches (since 1995) MCB flight attendant Services †Launched for local and international capital market clients.\r\nOnline- The largest network of branches in the country and growing. Providing customers with 24×7 real time online facilities. MCB Call Center- Call now for answers to your queries-banking services, ATM services, mobile banking services, RTC services, telebanking services and MCB product study. The state of the art MCB call center is the right choice to keep you in step with your ever hectic schedule by providing you services relating to your account and Smart card at any point in time.\r\nOur well-abreast and friendly call center aggroup is usable 24 x 7, 365 long time a year to ensure that your daily financial obligations are taken disturbance of guaranteeing you a good night’s sleep. Cash Plus-Cash management services for corporate customers help customers substantially re duce their receivable collection time frame, improve cash flow and business management. Islamic banking services through exclusive units/ branches offering a range of obligation and asset ground sharia compliant products like musharika, murabaha, ijara and istasana. MCB peregrine banking-\r\nBanking at your figure tips. Dial in anytime to get learning regarding equaliser and miniskirt statements. At the forefront of technological excellence, MCB proudly introduces MCB MOBILE BANKING. The convenience of accessing your account residual information and mini statements whenever you want or wherever you whitethorn need them, with comfort and peace of mind. MCB vigorous Banking service is available to all MCB ATM cardholders, 24 hours †365 days. just call our Help Line on 111-000-MCB(622) or any MCB online branch for assistance. peregrine Banking at a Glance\r\nMCB Mobile Banking gives you easy and quick access to your account(s) at a time you find convenient, including al l holidays. Banking at your Fingertips With MCB Mobile Banking you can: split up your rest period View the last 4 transactions of your MCB account(s). A Free Service MCB Mobile Banking is a free service for MCB account holders who have an ATM card. All you hire for is the speak to of an SMS message if aerated by the service provider. MCB lockers- The surpass bulwark for your valuables. Lockers of different capacities are available nationwide.\r\nPyara ghar- waxy and warring home financing facility with options of home bargain for, construction and renovation. MCB car cash- Car financing and leasing at competitive rates with flexible options. Largest ATM Network- of 100 ATMs machine-accessible to worldwide ATM network of approximately 350,000 ATMs along with Cirrus and Maestro facility enabling MCB ATM card to be used All over the world & anywhere in the country. CUSTOMER happiness For any organization to succeed, it is extremely full of life to ensure node Satisfa ction.\r\nBanks being in service sector, it is highly important that high service standards be maintained and real value to their money is provided to its customers. In order to do so MCB took three ultra step: Provision of comparatively kick around service to its customers as compared to other banks through value added features of low cost, quick judicature of work and friendly environs. Modernization, Computerization of most of the branches enabled Bank stay abreast with the technology and provision of better service at the root level to its customers.\r\nBank also started an ongoing process of Branch face lifting creating a better congenial environment for its customers. In order to be more customers conscious, MCB started a very effective and punctual action system on Customer Complaints Departments in MCB Brief functions and responsibilities of departments at MCB are as follows. Human Resources and legal group: ? Recruitment. ? Training. ? designate & posting. ? Pro motions. ? Disputes. ? Staff loans. Banks operations group: ? Policy. ? Premises. ? Capital & operating expenses processing. ? Return & consolidation. ? Reconciliation. ? Product sales. Relationship co-ordination. ? Service standards. ? Customer complaints. Financial Institution & overseas group: ? Inter-bank exposure. ? Forex licensing. Financial chequer & Audit group: ? Audit & internal control. ? Budgeting & planning. ? supervise of expenses. ? Financial reports. deferred recompense & risk management group: ? realization proposal evaluation & analysis. ? Project financing. ? Monitoring of credit portfolio of bank. . Corporate banking group: ? billet of all multi-national & public sector companies. Consumer banking group: ? Penetration in high net-worth customers. ? Earning increase. Customer retention. Commercial banking group: ? Conduction of standard retail operations. Treasury & FX group: ? notes management. ? Investmen t management. Assets management group/ charade control group: ? Classified portfolio looks after. ? superfluous assets management. ? Restructuring / Rescheduling. ? Out of court settlements Information technology group: ? ATM / CIRRUS facilities. ? I. T. related to franchise management. ? SWIFT system. ? On-line branches network look after. ? Hardware / software support. MCB’s Management Hierarchy Business of MCB MCB is in it’s over 50 years of operation.\r\nIt has network of over 1,100 branches all over the country with business establishments in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Bahrain. The branch break-up province wise is Punjab (57%), Sindh (21%), NWFP (19%) and Baluchistan (3%) individually. MCB has an edge over other local banks, as it was the first privatized bank. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of The Consumer Banking of MCB provides customers with innovative saving schemes, products and services. The ATM network of MCB is the largest in Paki stan and the Pak Rupee Travelers Cheques are market leaders.\r\nMCB was the first to introduce the Photo Card with the launch of the MCB MasterCard. The Corporate Banking of MCB ensures assistance from a employ team of professional financial advisors for underwriting, project finance or corporate advisory services. When it comes to banking practices, the consumer can depend on MCB, because itd been around for over fifty years. The State Bank of Pakistan has restricted the number of branches that can be opened by foreign banks, an advantage that MCB capitalizes because of its extensive branch network.\r\n 8 years after privatization, MCB is now in a consolidation stage intentional to lock in the gains make in recent years and prepare the bottom for future growth. The bank has restructured its asset portfolio and rationalized the cost structure in order to remain a low cost producer. MCB now focuses on three core businesses namely Corporate, Commercial and Consumer Banking. Corporat e clientele includes public sector companies as well as large local and multi national concerns. MCB is also catering to the growing middle human body by providing new asset and liability products.\r\nThe Bank provides 24 hour banking convenience with the largest ATM network in Pakistan cover charge 9 cities with around 100 ATM locations. The Banks Rupee Traveler Cheques have been market leaders for the past six years. MCB looks with confidence at year 2002 and beyond, making strides towards fulfillment of its mission, â€Å"to become the preferred provider of feature financial services in the country with profitability and responsibility and to be the best place to work”. Corporate Banking MCBs Corporate Banking Team consists of dedicated professionals with the requisite expertise to take parcel out of the banking needs.\r\nThe Corporate Bank with 20 branches has its presence in all major cities of Pakistan. The Area Offices are set in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. Corporate Platforms have been established in the three principal cities where teams of dedicated Relationship motorcoachs have been posted. These Relationship Managers have been entrusted with the complete responsibility for managing the risk of their allocated portfolios, acting as allusion between the customer and the bank, and providing you with the entire range of products/services offered by the bank.\r\nThe products/services of the Corporate Bank are slackly divided into the undermentioned categories: running(a) Capital Loans: The working capital loan includes running play Finance, Cash Finance, Export Refinance, Pre-shipment and Post-shipment etc. termination Loans: Offer Short to Medium full term Finance to affect capital phthisis of the customer business needs. Trade Finance Services: Trade finances services that include an entire range of import and export activities including issuing Letters of Credit (L/Cs), purchasing export documents, providing guarantees and other support services.\r\nCash Management: The network of about 1100 branches in Pakistan enables the bankers to collect and disburse supportments expeditiously with the MCB cash management services. This also enables. the bankers to offer the customer’s choice of base establish or electronic fund transfer solutions including collection issue forths, rose branch on- line transactions etc. Investment Banking The Investment Banking Team of MCB has emerged as a leading player in Pakistans investment banking arena. The Team handles advisory, corporate finance and capital markets related transactions.\r\nWithin these areas, the investment banking team of the MCB has developed expertise in the following areas of the investment: mystic Placements Debt/Equity Underwriting Term Finance Certificates Loan Syndication Arrangement of Non- Fund Facilities Mergers and Acquisitions Financial Highlights The results for the year 2001 are thoughtful of sustaining all-around efforts over t he few years, to maintain profitable growth along with careful and proactive risk management and expansion of product range of customers. Pre-profit for the year 2001 was Rs. 2. 0 zillion as against Rs. 1. 32 trillion in 2000-a healthy increase of 59%. Growth in profitability is principally due to fund-based activities through efficient assets and liability management. Fee based income was lower notwithstanding increase in volumes due to competitive pricing and discontinuation of charges on PLS accounts. administrative expenses grew by 3% generally attributed to seize on effect of inflation and enhancement in Govt. levies. Pragmatic efforts are, however, under way to manage costs in relation to revenues to nurture improve the revenue/expense ratio.\r\n high level of provisions was in the line with the Bank’s policy to upfront recognize problem lending. In 2001, the Bank managed to recover Rs. 2. 19 billion as against Rs. 1. 97 billion in 2000. The balance sheet footings have increased to Rs. 187 billion from Rs. 175 billion primarily based on deposit growth. Deposits have registered a substantial increase of 14% and stand at Rs. 154. 5 billion in 2001 as against Rs. 136 billion in 2000. scorn of low PLS deposit rates, branch network has shown a commendable performance by increasing and managing the deposit mix.\r\nThis has been possible by improvement in customer services and targeted sales of products like ATM cards. Net advances as at December 31, 2001 stood at Rs. 76. 6 billion, a reduction of Rs. 9. 8 billion. learn for credit from manufacturing and export clients fell considerably, post September 11,2001, which led to a reduction in advances as on the balance sheet date from a higher level during the year. Leadership in Rupee Travelers Cheques: Sales have braggart(a) by 26% in the year 2001 and continue to reflect meteoric growth.\r\nWith the character theatrical role of the generic brand, increase in the range of denomination backed by a powerful verification system and over 900 branches choosed in this business. Leadership in ATM’s: With around 100 ATMs and 170 online branches, MCB is again an undoubted Indus leader with connectivity lengthy to 16 cities of Pakistan. In the year 2002 elevate ATM will be deployed and connectivity increased to other cities. MCB ATMs not only serve 24-hour cash convenience but also improve on the counter services and turn around time at cash counters. The MCB ATM Master Card with Maestro and Cirrus networks has become a global ervice furthering the convenience to our customers. Traveling customers can access their account from a large number of internationally deployed ATMs and point of Sale (POS) units. The MCB ATM Switch †MNET is now operational. IT assort of MCB has been able to create the largest network for determine electronic financial transactions in Pakistan. Local branches of six international banks are connecting to this network. This will enable particip ating banks to use each others ATMs resulting in an increased convenience to MCB customers and customers of other banks.\r\nThe IT Group is currently expanding the network capability to provide the customers access to banking through multiple electronic channels. American fetch Bank enters into an ATM communion alliance with Muslim Commercial Bank: Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and American Express Bank Ltd. signed a Memorandum Of judgement creating a reciprocally beneficial alliance, which will enable customers of American Express Bank to use ATM facilities offered by Muslim Commercial Bank. Mr. Taufiq A. Hussain, unsophisticated Manager, American Express Bank Ltd. , Pakistan in a unanalyzable ceremony in Karachi, signed the MOU.\r\nMCB has setup an ATM Switch called MNET and American Express Bank is the tetradth foreign bank to sign the sharing MOU. Speaking at the ceremony †AEB earth Manager said, â€Å"Customer service spirit is the cornerstone of AEBs philosophy and this initiative will significantly enhance our customer service capability for our consumer banking clients”. He added â€Å"After having considered various routes to acquire this capability AEB selected MCB as an paragon partner keeping in view the large network capability and long standing relationship with MCB”.\r\nMCB with a network of over 1000 branches in the largest private sector bank of the country. The Bank is a market leader in 24 hour banking convenience with the largest nationwide ATM network covering 11 major cities in all provinces of the country. CITI bank and Muslim Commercial Bank sign ATM sharing pledge: Muslim Commercial Bank and CITI Bank signed an ATM sharing agreement today. By the middle of this year, both Banks’ customers will be able to use the services of either Banks ATMs. Seen at the signing ceremony are Mr.\r\nHaroon Basheer Sheikh, Head of Consumer Banking and Information Technology †MCB and Mr. Nadeem Hussain, Genera l Manager Global Manager Global Consumer Banking †CITI Bank Pakistan with their respective(prenominal) team members. Standard Chartered Grindlays and Muslim Commercial Bank to launch co-branded credit card: Rated as Pakistans best banks (‘domestic and foreign respectively) by Euro money magazine Muslim Commercial Bank (MCB) and Standard Chartered Grindlays signed a Memorandum of Understanding to launch the first-ever joint servicing co-branded credit card in Pakistan.\r\nUnder the parade the partnering banks will have shared as well as distributed responsibilities to service the customers in line with their respective strengths. The league will derive its strength by cartel the large diversified customer base of MCB and the track record of Standard Chartered Grindlays in managing a successful credit card business in Pakistan. MCB, the largest Private Bank in Pakistan, has over quadruplet million accounts domiciled in 1100 branches across the country.\r\nStandard Chart ered Grindlays, the largest foreign bank in Pakistan, has over ninety thousand pleasant card members and is a leading international player in the cards business. With this new initiative the customers product of the two leading banks in Pakistan. This agreement further strengthens the relationship between these two banks; earlier this year Standard Chartered Grindlays signed an agreement to join MCBs switch/ATM network, the largest in the country.\r\nFAYSAL BANK LIMITED to sell Muslim Commercial Bank’s Rupee traveler’s cheques: Muslim Commercial Bank Limited and Faysal Bank Limited signed an agreement for the Sale and purchase of MCB Rupee Travelers Cheques at all 11 Faysal Bank branches in Pakistan. Main categories of Account inauguration form: Type of Account There is a fellowship of â€Å"Type of Account â€Å", the customer can strike out any option to open a certain account. Following are certain kinds of accounts: Current PLS-Saving MCB Saving-365 Khushali Bachat PLS Term Deposit New Foreign specie Account (Current/Saving) Currency\r\nThere is a category of â€Å"Currency” in the form: In this part there are four kinds of currencies are prone in which MCB opens account. They are: Pakistani Rupee US dollar genius of Account There is a category of â€Å"nature of account” i. e. Individual Partnership Sole proprietor Joint stock company Introduction Before enterprisingness an account a banker should ascertain hold out or not the person devouring(prenominal) of opening the account is a loveable customer. There is Reference section in the form in which the person who wants to open an account must(prenominal) provide a reference of a person who has already an account with MCB.\r\nFor current account only reference of current account holder is accepted whereas for saving account reference of any whether current or saving is allowed. Preliminary investigation is necessary because of the following reasons: ? To avoid fra uds ? Safe guard against unplanned overdrafts ? To avoid negligence ? To replay inquiries against clients ? To travel along with Prudential Regulations/Laws There is a exemplification signature card with the bank on which the signature of account holder is to be taken while opening of his account. And then he is issued with a cheque loudness.\r\nIt is aware that one must keep his cheque book under proper care but there are human faces that people sometimes lost their cheque books. In that discipline there is an employment form in the name of managing director is available and the customer who wants to get a new cheque book fills that form and gives it to the motorcoach then he is provided with a new cheque book. In other case a requisition fracture is present in the cheque book and whenever the customer wants a new cheque book he simply fills that requisition slipperiness and presents it to manager and gets a new cheque book.\r\nKnow your Customer In view of recent heigh tened global efforts to keep the possible use of the banking sector for money laundering, terrorist financing, transfer of illegal/ill-gotten monies and as a conduit for white collar crime etc, the grandeur of â€Å"Know your Customer” has increased. The objective of keen a customer is to have a fair idea about the identity, financial resources and general information about the customer at the time when the relationship is established. A banker must have following information about the customer: Customer’s Name:\r\nEnter complete name as finded in original identity element Card/other business documents. reputation of Business/Profession: If the customer is of stipendiary class then banker will enter his employer’s name. If the customer is a businessman, trader, touch on proprietor, then the banker will enter the business name. Also enter the customer’s surname/position and deal of the employer/business. languagees with P. O. recess are not a cceptable. Similarly retag like â€Å"Private Service”, â€Å"Business” are not acceptable, rather specify what type of company/business the customer is associated with.\r\nIn case of individual his prove chase away of national identity card or passport is required, in case of salaried person, attested photo repeat of his sarvice card. In case of partnership attested elope of identity cards of all partners is required and attested photo copy of â€Å"Partner ship Deed” along with a copy of Registration authentication with registrar of firms. In case of Company, Memorandom and Article of association, certificate of incorporation, certificate of commencement of business and attested photocopy of identity cards of all the directors is required. Address:\r\nEnter the complete residential/business address. Within the brackets you may also provide prominent address identification marks for ease of physically locating the address. come to Number: Enter home, offic ial, mobile, fax be and e-mail address (if available). Special instructions: Clear-cut operational instructions must be obtained from the customers. If the customer has not prone any special instructions in stipulate column, the column must be cancelled by drawing a line, as this column must not be left blank under any circumstances. The bankers considered the following points while opening the accounts:\r\nRemittances Department The next department I worked in is Remittances department. The incharge of this department, Mr. Khalid told me that there are four kinds of remits they deal in: ? Telegraphic Transfer ? Mail transfer ? Demand Draft ? compensate order Another parturiency of this department was to issue the traveler cheque and to give the ATM card numbers. present is a little detail of all of these works: Telegraphic Transfer: It is a facility provided by the bank through which a customer can bill or transfer any occur immediately. The procedure for the customer is s imple.\r\nAnd more significantly the person who wants to transfer the funds may not have the account in the bank even then he can avail this facility. The procedure is like this, a customer walks in and fills an application form named as â€Å"APPLICATION FOR remittal” in which he mentions the bank to which he wants to transfer the funds also the name of the payee, his account number, also he has to mention his own address etc. then there are charges for this special facility provided by the bank and the bank receives these from the person who is sending the funds. Further there are two kinds of telegraphic transfers:\r\nOrdinary TT TT The cut-and-dry TT reaches to its term after two days of its dispatchment whereas simple TT reaches to its payee immediately because the payee branch is aware immediately through telephone and fax. For ordinary TT only two vouchers are on the watch: Commission Voucher revenue impression Voucher Whereas for TT three vouchers are brisk: C ommission Postage name charges In the application form of TT there are two options available for the person who is sending the funds i. e whether the payees account is credit for the same(p) fare or payee is simply to receive the payment in hand. Documents Prepared:\r\nThe documents that are prepared for the TT are: TT register Remittances Confirmation of cable sent And afterwards substantial of these information are put down in a big register named as: Branch outward remittance register And after this procedure the respective branch is informed through telephone. Recommendations This whole procedure is quite lengthy and hectic. So the only recommendation that could be granted is, it must be computerized Another business of the accounts department is to give the customers the ATM card number. The procedure is like this that when a customer applies for the ATM card, he is given a certain time to collect the card.\r\nOn due date the customers gets his card from manager and for safety purpose the ATM number remains with the account department and the customer gets his number from there. Traveler cheque In account deptt there are two people working. One’s job is to issue the traveler cheque and the other is suppose to make the payment of TC. This work is separated for the purpose of safety and to prevent the frauds. When RTC is issued it is indite in Traveler cheque register and when it is salaried it is posted in MBIS. Traveler cheque register is used to maintain the stock of RTC’s.\r\nWhen RTC is issued HO RTC deptt. Is impute and when RTC is purchased it is debited. One of the person has the complete register of staff’s salary he maintains a staff salary register. The remittance facilities of the MCB are according to the need of the customer. Your benefactive role will receive the count even if he/she does not have an MCB account. The Remit Express facilities the MCB can be avail in the following Bank/Companies: Demand draft Dem and Draft can be explained as the operator which is account collectable on demand as its name implies the same, the value of which has already been authentic.\r\nThis musical dick is issued by one branch and payable at other branch of same bank or other bank’s branch e. g. DD issued by MCB payable by ACBL. use of issuance: The customer wants to make the DD fills in the same form or application i. e of remittances in which he mentions the DD, the beneficiary’s name, the place, the mode of payment i. e, whther he wants the payee to receive the cash, cheque or debit his account, signature and his name and address Check the application form. Commission is charged as per bank policy. Also take duty & withholding tax are recovered as per applicable rates.\r\n institution is then made in DD issued register. In the DD issued register, separate folio is allotted for each drawee branch and a serial control number is applied. The entries made is DD payable account is credited and cash is debited and when the payee receives the cash against DD, DD payable account is debited and cash is credited. Procedure of Cancellation of D. D. On receiving the application for cancellation in writing along with original DD the signature of the applicant is verify This signature should tally with the signature on DD application form.\r\nThen cancellation is marked in DD issued register and the drawee branch is Informed about cancellation. Issuance of pair DD In case of Lost/Stop Payment: application is received and signature is verified, then the drawee branch is informed about the loss of DD and further they are advised to tell the branch the status of DD i. e whether it has been paid or not. Then a echo of DD is issued with â€Å"Duplicate in lieu of original DD No____ go out____ report lost” written on its face. The ingeminate DD will have the same control number. PAY ORDERS:\r\nPay order is a kind of cats-paw issued and paid in the same branch. It is normally issued for payment in the same city. Procedure of Issuance of Pay order: The customer fills the remittances application form and mark check on pay order. On receiving application he is issued with a pay order after receiving charges. All pay orders are crossed i. e â€Å"Payees a/c only” Procedure of Cancellation of Pay order: On receiving application for cancellation of pay order along with the pay order, it is cancelled and cancellation charges are recovered. Duplicate Pay Order:\r\nIf the payment of pay order has not yet been made a reprise copy of it can be made on receiving application from the customer. The duplicate charges are recovered from customer. elucidation Department change: unclutter implies a system by which banks exchange cheques and other transportable instruments drawn on each other within a specified area and thereby secure payment for their clients through the elucidation foretoken at specified time in an efficient way. change do micil: In past State bank was indulged in illumination function i. e for the settlement of mutual obligations of different commercial banks.\r\nAs all banks have their accounts and keep a certain circumstances of the cash deposits as a obtain with Central Bank, it become easy to set up their mutual obligations by off-setting their accounts. The claim of banks against each other is settled by simple transfers from and to their accounts. These methods of settling accounts though the central bank, apart from being convenient is economical as regards the use of cash since account are adjusted through accounts, there is usually no need for cash. At present this function of state bank is performed by NIFT.\r\nAnd now clearing field of operations is a place where NIFT’s typicals of all scheduled banks sit together and interchange their claims against each other with the help of tyrannical staff of State Bank of Pakistan and where there is no branch of State Bank of Pakistan t he designated branch of National Bank of Pakistan acts as controlling member instead of State Bank of Pakistan. Reasons of Cancellation of Membership: When a bank is no longer a scheduled bank. When any bank fails to meet its liabilities. When It is proscribe to receive fresh deposits by State Bank of Pakistan or Central Government.\r\nAdvantages of Clearing: dAs clearing does not involve any cash etc and all the transaction takes place through book entries, the number of transactions can be unlimited. dNo cash is needed, as such the risks of robbery, embezzlements and pilferage are all told eliminated. dAs major payments are made through clearing, the banks came manage cash payments at the counters with a minimum core of cash in vaults. dA lot of time, cost and labor are saved. Since it provides an extra service to the customers of banks without any service charges or costs, more and more people are devoted and attracted towards banking.\r\nRules & Regulations of Clearing House: Timing: -Monday through Saturday 1st Clearing 10. 00 A. M. 2nd Clearing 2. 30 P. M. ? Cheques and other negotiable instruments are sent through NIFT’s representative for exchange. ? All the cheques and negotiable instruments must be properly stamped and fitly give the axed ? individually and every Cheque must be accompanied by an protest memorandum when returned unpaid duly initialed. ? Each bank is required to maintain sufficient funds in the principal account with SBP to meet the payment obligations. The State Bank of Pakistan debits the account of each member of the clearinghouse with the proportionate working expenses incurred on the operation of clearing house. These expenses are very nominal. Functioning of Clearing House: All the scheduled banks which are the member of clearing house, must maintain accounts with SBP, by debit and credit to which the clearing settlements are made. If on a particular day, a bank delivers Cheque and other negotiable instruments worth more than the innate list of Cheque received by it that banks account with State Bank of Pakistan will be credited with the differential amount.\r\nIf on the other hand the total amount of Cheque and other negotiable instruments drawn on a certain bank by other banks is more than the total amount receivable by it from other banks, then this banks account will be debited on that day. The Cheque delivered to the other banks through NIFT’s representatives for clearing are called outward clearing; whereas Cheque received from the representatives of other banks for payment are called inward clearing. How settlement is done in NIFT? Presume that MCB got the Cheque, which are drawn on fusion BANK, UBL and ACBL for amounts Rs. 50,000/-, Rs. 30,000/-, Rs. 5,000/- respectively, its total being Rs. 95,000/-. It means that this amount is to be credited to MCB A/c with S. B. P. On the other hand the Cheques drawn on MCB are from UNION BANK, UBL & ACBL of Rs. 15,000/- Rs. 75 ,000/- and Rs. 30,000/- respectively, its total being Rs. 1,20,000/-. It means that this amount is to be debited from MCB A/c. The discrimination between Rs. 95. 000/- credit and Rs. 120. 000/- debit is Rs. 25,000/- debit, which means the house, is against MCB for Rs. 25,000/-. If we separately show it then, MCB has to receive Rs. 50,000/- from UNION BANK and to pay Rs. 15,000/- to UNION BANK so difference is Rs. 5,000/- credit. MCB has to receive Rs. 30,000/- from UBL and to pay Rs. 75,000/- to UBL so difference is Rs. 45,000/- debit. MCB has to receive from ACBL Rs. 15,000/- and to pay Rs. 30,000/- to MCB so difference is Rs. 15,000/- debit. GRAND union: + 35,000, †45,000, -15,000 = -25,000 i. e. Rs. 25,000/- debit. Hence MCB A/c with State Bank of Pakistan will be debited with Rs. 25,000/- and the contra will be other banks accounts respectively. This is called as â€Å" debit entry and Credit Rule”. The amounts and number of instruments received are entered in the House playscript from the main schedules of the respective banks.\r\nThe State Bank of Pakistan maintains two major books for clearing house purpose :- category REGISTER. This book contains the information about the amounts and number of cheques received and delivered by each bank is noted down. Its columns are just like our clearing house- summon. HOUSE BALANCE BOOK: This book contains the amount and number of cheques received and delivered by each bank as well as the amounts which are to be received and paid to respective banks through their accounts by State Bank of Pakistan is written down. This book has the following columns:- |Initials |To Pay Amount |No. f Cheques certain/Delivered |Name of Bank|Received Amount |To Received Amount|Initials | both(prenominal) sides of this book are balanced. Vouchers are prepared from the slips received from the respective banks and the amounts are compared with this balance book. Summary of Clearing House Working: The working of clearing house may be summarized as under:- ? The instruments are delivered to the respective banks. ? The instruments drawn on our Bank are received from other banks. ? The amount and number of instruments received are entered in the House Book from the main schedules of respective banks. The amount of instruments delivered, received and the difference is written on a Figure slip provided in the clearinghouse and the slip is returned to the supervisor. ? The instruments are put branch-wise. ? Schedules are detached and unplowed safely. outward-bound illumination AT THE BRANCH: The following points are to be taken into love white an instrument is accepted at the counter to be presented in outbound Clearing: ? The name of the branch appears on its face where it is drawn on. ? It should not be stale or post dated or without date. ? Amount in lyric poem and figures does not differ. Signature of the drawer appears on the face of instrument. ? Instrument is not mutilated. ? There should be n o material allowance if so, it should be properly authenticated. ? If order instrument, suitably endorsed and the last endorsees account being credited. ? indorsement is in accordance with the crossings if any. ? The amount of the instrument is same as mentioned on the paying-in-slip and counterfoil. ? The title of account on the paying-in-slip is that of payee or endorsee (with the expulsion of bearer cheque). If an instrument is in order then our banks special crossing stamp is affixed across the face of the instrument.\r\nClearing stamp is affixed on the face of the instruments, paying-in-slip and counterfoil (The stamp is affixed in such a manner that fractional appears on paying-in-slip and half on counterfoil). The instrument is suitably discharged, where a bearer cheque does not require any discharge and also an instrument in privilege of a bank need not be discharged. The instrument along with paying-in-slip is well-kept while the counterfoil is given to the customer du ly signed. Then the following steps are to be taken:- ? The particulars of the instruments and the pay-in-slips or credit vouchers are entered in the outwards Clearing Register. Serial number is given to each voucher. ? The register is balanced, the credit vouchers are separated from the instruments and are released to respective departments against citation in the register. ? The instruments are arranged bank-wise. ? The schedules are prepared in triplicate, two copies of which are attached with the relevant instruments and the third is kept as office copy. ? The house page is prepared from schedules in triplicate. ? The Officer Incharge with branch stamp signs the schedules and house pages. ? The grand total of the house page is taken and hold with that of the outward clearing register. The instruments along with duplicate schedules and house-page are sent to the Main Office. ? as yet the amount is kept in float till final status of various instruments is known from respective paying banks in second dealing. The entry of the instruments returned unpaid is made in Cheques Returned Register. If the instrument is not to be presented again in clearing then a covering memo is prepared. The covering memo along with returned instrument and objection memo is sent to the customer who deposited the same in his account. INWARD CLEARING OF THE BRANCH: The particulars of the instruments are compared with the list. The instruments are detached and sort out department-wise. ? The entry is made in the Inward Clearing Register (Serial Number, instrument number, Account number and amount of instrument is written). ? The instruments are sent to the respective departments against mention in the Inward Clearing Register. ? The instruments are scrutinized in each respect sooner honoring the same. OUTWARD CHEQUES RETURNED UNPAID: These are the cheques returned unpaid by us presented to us in Inward Clearing due to some objections. INWARD CHEQUES RETURNED UNPAID: These are t he cheques returned unpaid to us, which were lodged by us in Outward Clearing.\r\nRETURN OF CHEQUES AFTER CLEARING HOUSE: Suppose all cheques received in the inward clearing are passed and later on it is found that a cheque should have been returned. In such cases, we contact the stash away branch and quest them not to make payment against the increase of the cheque which was not returned unpaid by us in due time. The cheque with objection memo along with a covering letter is sent to the collecting branch, making request to issue a payment order in our favor. To balance the cash-cum-day book we may debit scruple A/c Sundry debitors with the panegyric of the manager.\r\nWhen the payment order is received, it is lodged in clearing and the Suspense A/c -Sundry Debtor is adjusted accordingly. SPECIAL CLEARING: In addition to the normal clearing function at Clearing House it is mutually agreed to hold an extra clearing at the Clearing House on a particular day and time, which is kn own, as â€Å"Special Clearing”. It is arranged due to rush of work arising out of say, m\r\n'