Free Essays on Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate

Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate (GHB) GHB, or Gamma-Hydroxy Butyric Acid is an intoxicating chemical with medical, recreational, and potentially entheogenic uses. It is a normal component of mammalian metabolism. It is naturally found in every cell in the human body and is most properly considered a nutrient. Although it’s still unknown it is considered to be a possible neurotransmitter. GHB was first synthesized about thirty years ago by Dr. H. Laborit, a French researcher interested in exploring the effects of GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) in the brain. Over the years many researchers have studied GHB’s effects. In Europe it is used as a general anesthetic for insomnia and narcolepsy. During the 1980's it was available over the counter for its ability to stimulate growth hormone release which aids in fat reduction and muscle building. Now it is very popular as a rec. drug due to it’s quick high, and strong sexual affects it has. Some less technical names or street names for this drug are Liquid X, Georgia Home Boy, and Scoop. GHB is not approved in the US and has been banned from being sold over the counter since 1990. Though possession of this drug is not illegal, GHB continues to be sold to lab’s and scientists for research. Selling it for human consumption, while making claims about its health benefits, is a violation of the FDA regula tion policies! . There are many side affects associated with this drug. GHB has somewhat the same side affects as alcohol. It affects the release of dopamine in the brain, causes relaxation or fatigue. The difference is that the buzz or the trip is longer than your drunken high and the hangover effects are slightly less and the unpleasant. And like any other drugs an overdose effect of possible causing temporary unwakeable sleep, or even worse a coma. Some people find GHB useful for treating insomnia, others use it to treat alcoholism. Some use it as a replacement for alcohol. The effe... Free Essays on Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate Free Essays on Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate (GHB) GHB, or Gamma-Hydroxy Butyric Acid is an intoxicating chemical with medical, recreational, and potentially entheogenic uses. It is a normal component of mammalian metabolism. It is naturally found in every cell in the human body and is most properly considered a nutrient. Although it’s still unknown it is considered to be a possible neurotransmitter. GHB was first synthesized about thirty years ago by Dr. H. Laborit, a French researcher interested in exploring the effects of GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid) in the brain. Over the years many researchers have studied GHB’s effects. In Europe it is used as a general anesthetic for insomnia and narcolepsy. During the 1980's it was available over the counter for its ability to stimulate growth hormone release which aids in fat reduction and muscle building. Now it is very popular as a rec. drug due to it’s quick high, and strong sexual affects it has. Some less technical names or street names for this drug are Liquid X, Georgia Home Boy, and Scoop. GHB is not approved in the US and has been banned from being sold over the counter since 1990. Though possession of this drug is not illegal, GHB continues to be sold to lab’s and scientists for research. Selling it for human consumption, while making claims about its health benefits, is a violation of the FDA regul ation policies! . There are many side affects associated with this drug. GHB has somewhat the same side affects as alcohol. It affects the release of dopamine in the brain, causes relaxation or fatigue. The difference is that the buzz or the trip is longer than your drunken high and the hangover effects are slightly less and the unpleasant. And like any other drugs an overdose effect of possible causing temporary unwakeable sleep, or even worse a coma. Some people find GHB useful for treating insomnia, others use it to treat alcoholism. Some use it as a replacement for alcohol. The effe...

Battle of Fallen Timbers - Northwest Indian War

Battle of Fallen Timbers - Northwest Indian War The Battle of Fallen Timbers was fought August 20, 1794 and was the final battle of the Northwest Indian War (1785-1795). As part of the treaty ending the American Revolution, Great Britain ceded to the new United States the lands over the Appalachian Mountains as far west as the Mississippi River. In Ohio, several Native American tribes came together in 1785, to form the Western Confederacy with the goal of dealing jointly with the United States. The following year, they decided that the Ohio River would serve as the border between their lands and the Americans. In the mid-1780s, the Confederacy began a series of raids south of the Ohio into Kentucky to discourage settlement. Conflict on the Frontier To deal with the threat posed by the Confederacy, President George Washington instructed Brigadier General Josiah Harmar to attack into Shawnee and Miami lands with the goal of destroying the village of Kekionga (present-day Fort Wayne, IN). As the US Army had essentially been disbanded after the American Revolution, Harmar marched west with a small force of regulars and approximately 1,100 militia. Fighting two battles in October 1790, Harmar was defeated by Confederacy warriors led by Little Turtle and Blue Jacket. St. Clairs Defeat The following year, another force was dispatched under Major General Arthur St. Clair.  Preparations for the campaign began in early 1791 with the goal of moving north to take the Miami capital of Kekionga. Though Washington advised St. Clair to march during the warmer summer months, incessant supply problems and logistical issues delayed the expeditions departure until October. When St. Clair departed Fort Washington (present-day Cincinnati, OH), he possessed around 2,000 men of which only 600 were regulars. Attacked by Little Turtle, Blue Jacket, and  Buckongahelas on November 4, St. Clairs army was routed. In the battle, his command lost 632 killed/captured and 264 wounded. In addition, almost all of the 200 camp followers, many of whom had fought alongside the soldiers, were killed. Of the 920 soldiers who entered the fight, only 24 emerged uninjured. In the victory, Little Turtles force only sustained 21 killed and 40 wounded. With a casualty rate of 97.4%, the Battle of the Wabash marked the worst defeat in the history of the US Army.   Armies Commanders United States Major General Anthony Wayne3,000 men Western Confederacy Blue JacketBuckongahelasLittle Turtle1,500 men Wayne Prepares In 1792, Washington turned to Major General Anthony Wayne and asked him build a force capable of defeating the Confederacy. An aggressive Pennsylvanian, Wayne had repeatedly distinguished himself during the American Revolution. At the suggestion of Secretary of War Henry Knox, the decision was made recruit and train a legion which would combine light and heavy infantry with artillery and cavalry. This concept was approved by Congress which agreed to augment the small standing army for the duration of the conflict with the Native Americans. Moving quickly, Wayne commenced assembling a new force near Ambridge, PA at a camp dubbed Legionville. Realizing that previous forces had lacked training and discipline, Wayne spent much of 1793 drilling and instructing his men.   Titling his army the Legion of the United States, Waynes force consisted of four sub-legions, each commanded by a lieutenant colonel. These contained of two battalions of infantry, a battalion of riflemen/skirmishers, a troop of dragoons, and a battery of artillery. The self-contained structure of the sub-legions meant they could operate effectively on their own.   Moving to Battle In late 1793, Wayne shifted his command down the Ohio to Fort Washington (present-day Cincinnati, OH). From here, units moved north as Wayne built a series of forts to protect his supply lines and the settlers in his rear. As Waynes 3,000 men moved north, Little Turtle became concerned about the Confederacys ability to defeat him. Following an exploratory attack near Fort Recovery in June 1794, Little Turtle began to advocate in favor of negotiating with the US. Rebuffed by the Confederacy, Little Turtle ceded complete command to Blue Jacket. Moving to confront Wayne, Blue Jacket assumed a defensive position along the Maumee River near a copse of fallen trees and close to British-held Fort Miami. It was hoped that the fallen trees would slow the advance of Waynes men. The Americans Strike On August 20, 1794, the lead elements of Waynes command came under fire from Confederacy forces.   Quickly assessing the situation, Wayne deployed the his troops with his infantry led by Brigadier General James Wilkinson on the right and Colonel John Hamtramck on the left.   The Legions cavalry guarded the American right while brigade of mounted Kentuckians protected the other wing.   As the terrain appeared to preclude the effective use of cavalry, Wayne ordered his infantry to mount a bayonet attack to flush the enemy from the fallen trees.   This done, they could be effectively dispatched with musket fire. Advancing, the superior discipline of Waynes troops quickly began to tell and the Confederacy was soon forced out of its position. Starting to break, they began to flee the field when the American cavalry, charging over the fallen trees, joined the fray. Routed, the Confederacys warriors fled towards Fort Miami hoping that the British would provide protection. Arriving there found the gates closed as the forts commander did not wish to start a war with the Americans. As the Confederacys men fled, Wayne ordered his troops to burn all of the villages and crops in the area and then withdrawal to Fort Greenville. Aftermath Impact In the fighting at Fallen Timbers, Waynes Legion lost 33 dead and 100 wounded. Reports conflict regarding the Confederacys casualties, with Wayne claiming 30-40 dead on the field to the British Indian Department stating 19. The victory at Fallen Timbers ultimately led to the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, which ended the conflict and removed all Confederacy claims to Ohio and the surrounding lands. Among those Confederacy leaders who refused to sign the treaty was Tecumseh, who would renew the conflict ten years later.

The Big Brother Metaphor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Big Brother Metaphor - Essay Example A big brother is to be the representative of the parents in regulating the actions of his siblings to avoid any wrongdoing being committed or any harm befalling them. In the family set-up, the big brother's role goes into action in the absence of the parents. In most cases, big brothers provide protection to their siblings and are always on the watch. In order for them to provide security and protection to their siblings, they would have to be in constant surveillance. They monitor the actions and the whereabouts of their siblings as part of their responsibilities being the eldest male sibling. Thus, a big brother metaphor pertains to the characteristics of a concept which is similar to the actions or roles of the familial big brother at home. Any action involving the same functions or tasks of the eldest male sibling in terms of regulating and monitoring the actions of his other siblings, can be referred to as a big brother metaphor. Surveillance or the monitoring of the actions, responses and reactions of people is considered a big brother metaphor as the purpose of observing people is to check and regulate actions, attitudes and behaviors, as well as to apprehend those who have opposed the set rules and conditions. This surveillance exists in practically all the fields of society in various degrees and magnitude. It exists in politics or government, in public and private corporations, in public utility venues, in schools, in malls and supermarkets and at home. The degree of monitoring varies because of the different purposes and reasons behind the surveillance. The specific purposes or goals may be different, but the general aim is to capture data and images at instances when the targets or those who are monitored are the least suspecting. These instances provide the most natural reactions and tendencies of people which could give way to their true intentions and attitudes. These captured or gathered data and images serve as the basis for formulating means of evaluation or further control. The big brother metaphor is a model for decreasing the privacy of a person or an entity. The invasion of privacy issue or the rights of a person to privacy is an adversary of the big brother concept. In the concept of the big brother metaphor, surveillance is oftentimes done in secrecy to catch the person off-guard or to eliminate any kind of defense. The gathering of information is oftentimes without the knowledge of the person being checked. The person may contest that his or her privacy has been trespassed but privacy laws have excluded certain industries or entities from liabilities. Companies may conduct background checks on newly hired employees, problematic employees, up-for-promotion employees and even those who have or are planning to resign. These background checks serve as a security for the companies in case of future problems arising from the employment of a person, and they serve as bases for hiring or maintaining employees whose personal data are acceptable to the stan dards of the company. The big brother metaphor is also very crucial in the prevention of crimes, with the help of technology. Surveillance through equipment like video cameras, microphones, bugs and audio recorders among others, are important means of crime prevention. Satellites and other more sophisticated technology aid the

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Midterm - Essay Example The right or the freedom of speech and expression demands that one should be allowed to freely express their views as long as they do not infringe upon the rights of other people by expressing their views. By sacking teachers for something legal that they do in their private time, the school districts deny teachers the freedom to freely and legally express their views. For instance, in Turley’s article, we learn that a Philadelphia high school teacher was sacked because of a posting to her blog in which the teacher had complained of the lazy and careless behaviour of her students. Given the fact that teacher’s blog post was general and was not targeted at any particular student, the teacher had not violated any rights of her students. For this reason, therefore, by sacking the teacher, the school district acted improperly and denied the teacher the freedom to freely express her views. The second reason why I believe school districts should not sack teachers because of something they do in personal time is that sacking teachers for something they do in their private time is an infringement on the teachers’ privacy. In the Turley’s article, for instance, we learn that in the year 2010, unidentified teacher in Pennsylvania was suspended after a third party posted a picture on Facebook showing her with a male stripper at a bridal shower. By suspending the teacher because of the picture that she had been taken with a male stripper at a party, the school district infringed upon the privacy of the teacher. This is because the teacher has the right to live her private life in whichever way she wishes as long as she does not violate the rights of other people. The third reason why I believe that school district should not sack teachers for the legal things that they do in their private life is that human beings change

School Library Essay Example for Free

School Library Essay Library can be define as a collection of books and other literacy materials kept for reading, research, study and consultation. A library is a collection of information, sources, resources and services, organized for used and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individuals. In the more traditional sense, the library means a collection of book. It supports the teaching, learning and research for the user who is comes to the library. The library has three types of library such as National Library, Academic Library, School Library, Special Library, Digital Library, Mobile Library and others. For each library have their function. The function of library such as to analyze, describe, preserve and make available for use it collection of material intended in subsection. The activities will involve in library such as purchase, give and exchange, donation and others. The activities that are produce in library will give the advantages for the user. Library also provides the several of collection such as encyclopedia, journal, book, magazine, and so on. The library are most important place that can be use to search the information. The library emphasizes instruction, reference services, on site and remote access to information in print and electronic formats, development of information literacy, and management of collections. The library provides resources and support for the Universitys major functions such teaching, research, scholarship, creative activity, and community service. 2. 0 MISSION The Library supports the academic programs through instruction, collections, technology and services which enable students and faculty to access recorded knowledge and information resources. This support empowers our constituencies to develop the information and technological competencies necessary to achieve their educational, research and professional goals; succeed in the workforce; apply lifelong learning skills and participate in a diverse society. 3. 0 VISSION To achieve a world class library status, catalyst to scholarship and excellence to the University’s teaching, learning and research attainable through physical and virtual means. 4. 0OBJECTIVE * 100% support the learning, teaching, researching and knowledge development programs. * Making the library well establish in services aspect, different of collection, latest technology and updated information. * To generate the workers to be skillful, responsible, commitment, motivated, ethics, proactive, brilliant, and well educated. * Building appropriate and comprehensive collection that are properly housed, controlled and effectively used. * Make library as a excellent information centre from services aspect, collection diversity, latest technology and information source and steady. * Create trained work force, having various skill, ethical high, proactive and team spirit through training, education continuously and increase in career. * Provide space for customer convenience, staff, and material and equipment placement. 5. 0FUNCTION * To build up as complete a collection of material emanating from or relating to country as appropriate. * To analyze, describe, preserve and make available for use its collection of the material intended in subsection. * To render bibliographic services and serve as the national bibliographic agency. * To serve as the national centre for the conservation and appreciation of its collection of the material intended in subsection. 6. 0ACTIVITIES * Purchase * Donation * Give and exchange 6. 1Purchase Purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting to acquire goods or services to accomplish the goals of the enterprise. Though there are several organizations that attempt to set standards in the purchasing process, processes can vary greatly between organizations. A grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping. The library facilitates the acquisition of bibliographic materials for the official use of and retention of officers and staff of the MRB by purchase of information materials (book, journals and e-journals, articles, audio-visual materials, etc. ) for official purposes only. The library also facilitates interlibrary loan among local libraries for information materials not available in its collection. 6. 1. 1Book and Journal Purchase Send suggestions to the Chief Librarian, or submit â€Å"Requisition forms† which are available in the library. Please take note that book orders may take 3 – 4 months to fulfill (from time of order to processing). 6. 1. 2 Document Delivery (Article purchase) Document delivery and interlibrary borrowing services are available without charge to research officers. However, officers are requested to check the Library catalogue (OPAC) as to whether the information material required is already available (in the MRB Library) before sending in requests. Requests may be sent by email or the normal requisition forms. 6. 2Give and exchange Give and exchange service is provided by the library to various institutions within the country and abroad. At the moment exchange partners in the country have reached about 65 institutions including academic library, school library and government library. 6. 3 Donation Donations of funds are always welcome, and may range from a simple cash gift to various forms of planned or deferred giving such as endowments, annuities, and bequests. Donations of books, journals, and other materials broaden our collections, enable us to meet the demand for multiple copies of heavily used titles, and also help us replace lost or damaged copies. Your donation might include: * Books on any or all subjects * Manuscripts, letters, and diaries. * Music recordings and scores * Videos and films * Photographs * Maps * Subscriptions to electronic resources All donation offers receive serious consideration by the Library. Donations of material are accepted with the understanding that the University becomes the sole owner, and reserves the ultimate right to determine retention, location, level of cataloguing, access, and other considerations related to its use or disposition. 7. 0LEGISLATION Legislation means the act or process of making a law or laws. Legislation is important in the library to make sure the patrons follow the rules in the library. There is the legislation in the library such as: * Conduct prejudicial to the proper use of the library is forbidden. * Silence shall be observed in the public areas of the library. Hand phones and pagers should be switched to silent mode before entering the library. * Eating, drinking and smoking are strictly prohibited in the library. * Southern College identification cards are non-transferable. * Bags, briefcases, helmets, umbrellas etc. are not allowed in the library. It should be kept in the locker room. * Reservation of a seat is not permitted. * All users are required to be properly attired as specified by the college. The library reserves the right to ask users, who are not suitably dressed to leave library. * Final year students who fail to clear and fines or return materials borrowed from the library on completion of their courses will have their certificate suspended. * Staffs who have applied resigned will have their library privileges terminated, since 2 weeks before their last working day. If they fail to return materials borrowed from the library, their salary will be suspended. * The library bears no responsibility for any loss of personal belongings or properties on its premises. * All library materials must be kept clean. Making, defacing or multiplying library materials is an offence. * No littering in the library. * All users are encouraged to check their library record in Library Online regularly. * The library reserves the right to amend their rules from time to time. 8. 0COLLECTION The Library has a multilingual and multi-format collection that is related to the academic and research programs of AMDI. Materials in the collection are classified according to the Library of Congress Classification Scheme. Presently the collection is categorized as follows: 8. 1Open Shelf Collection. A large proportion of the books in the collection is on Medicine and its related fields. These books are classified according to the National Library of Medicine Classification System and books in other disciplines are classified according to LC. Books on the shelves are arranged according to the assigned Call Numbers. As of today, the collection consists of 7,000 copies and can be loan out by eligible patrons. 8. 2 Fiction Collection The Fiction Collection consists of light reading material and story books in BM and English. The books are arranged on special shelves according to the authors shorten name. The loan limit is 2 copies and duration is according to the loan privileges of the patron. 8. 3Reference Collection This collection consists of reference material such as bibliographies, directories, encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc. Materials in this collection are marked with a letter r in the call number. This collection is only for reference use within the library. 8. 4Brochures The collection consists of small books and brochures that are less than 50 pages. These materials are placed at the Loan Counter. Use of the material is limited within the library. 8. 5Serials. This collection consists of Current Journals, Bound Journals, Serials Monograph, Annual Reports and all other serials publications and magazines in electronic format (CDROM and online). The use of such materials is limited within the library except for Serials Monograph which can be loan out. Patrons are allowed to photocopy articles that are in this collection. However, photocopying of materials is subject to the Copyright Act 1987. a) Current Journal Collection Current Journal Collection consists of current subscribed publications that are arranged according to journal title. Current issues are displayed at the shelves and back issues are arranged and placed on top of the shelves. b)Bound Journals Back issues of journals with complete issues are bound and arranged on a separate shelf. The arrangement is in alphabetical order according to the journal title. As of today the Library has 1,520 journal titles (27,000 copies) comprising subscribed journals, serials monograph, annual reports and others. c) Electronic Journal Collection Some journal titles are in CD-ROM or via online. The collection consists of 1,200 full text titles. The materials in this collection can only be access within the Library. Printing or transferring of information to diskette is allowed. A minimum charge will imposed for this purpose. Certain titles can be access online. For further information, please contact the Document and Serials Publication Unit at extension 3469 or 3471. 8. 6 Control Access Collection The Controlled Access Collection is made up of materials that are heavily used. Theses, research reports, training collections, pictorial collections, examination questions, official publications and small size publications are placed in this collection. This collection can only be used within the Library. All materials are searchable through the online catalog by author, title or subject heading. 9. 0TYPES OF LIBRARY There are six types of library * National library * Academic library * Special library * School library * Digital library * Mobile Library 9. 1National Library A national library is a library specifically established by the government of a country to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, these rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works. National libraries are usually notable for their size, compared to that of other libraries in the same country. Some states which are not independent, but who wish to preserve their particular culture, have established a national library with all the attributes of such institutions, such as legal deposit. Many national libraries cooperate within the National Libraries Section of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to discuss their common tasks, define and promote common standards and carry out projects helping them to fulfil their duties. National libraries of Europe participate in The European Library. This is a service of The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL). 9. 2Academic Library An academic library is a library which serves an institution of higher learning, such as a college or university libraries in secondary and primary schools are called school libraries. These libraries serve two complementary purposes: to support the schools curriculum, and to support the research of the university faculty and students. The support of teaching requires material for class readings, and for student papers. In the past, the material for class readings, intended to supplement lectures as prescribed by the instructor, has been called reserves. In the period before electronic resources became available, the reserves were supplied as actual books or as photocopies of appropriate journal articles. Traditionally, one copy of a book was made available for each 10 students — this is practical for large classes only if paperback copies are available, and the books reused from term to term. Academic libraries must decide what focus they take in collecting materials since no single library can supply everything. When there are particular areas of specialization in academic libraries these are often referred to as niche collections. These collections are often the basis of a special collection department and may include original papers, artwork, and artifacts written or created by a single author or about a specific subject. 9. 3Special Library A special library is a term for a library that is neither an academic nor school library, nor a public library. Special libraries may include law libraries, news libraries, government libraries, corporate libraries, museum libraries, and medical libraries. Special libraries are also sometimes known as information centers. Special libraries often have a more specific clientele than libraries in traditional educational or public settings, and deal with only a specialized or particular type of information. They are developed to support the mission of their sponsoring organization and their collections and services are more targeted and specific to the needs of their clientele. 9. 4School Library A school library or school libraries media center is library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public or school have access to a variety of resources. The goal of the school library media center is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access to books and reading, to information, and to information technology. A school library media center a use all types of media is automated, and utilizes the Internet as well as books for information gathering. School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve as learner-oriented laboratories which support, extend, and individualize the schools curriculum. A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school. 9. 5Digital Library A digital library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats as opposed to print, microform, or other media and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is a type of information retrieval system. 9. 6Mobile Library A bookmobile or mobile library is a large vehicle designed for use as a library. They are designed to hold books on shelves so that when the vehicle is parked the books can be accessed by readers. They usually have sufficient space that people can also sit and read books inside them. Mobile libraries are often used to provide library services to villages and city suburbs without library buildings. They also service those who have difficulty accessing libraries, with retirement homes being common stops. They may also carry other information or computer equipment, such as might be found in a library. Some libraries also use their bookmobiles to deliver materials, such as audio books and large print novels, to homebound patrons who dont have anyone to go to the library for them. 10. 0PROFESSION * Chief Librarian * Library Director * Senior Librarian * Librarian * Cataloger * Indexer 10. 1Chief Librarian The Chief Librarian shall, on appointment, provide the staff member with a written position description which sets out the general responsibilities of the position held by the staff member. The Supervisor shall assign the specific duties of the staff member, bearing in mind the position description. The supervisor shall also determine, at least annually, performance expectations which shall be appended to the position description. The Chief Librarian may revise the staff members position description following consultation with the incumbent and, if requested by the incumbent, with the Association. The revision shall take into account the qualifications and experience of the incumbent. The Chief Librarian may transfer a staff member to a different position in the University Library and, if so, shall provide the staff member with the position description for the new position. Prior to such transfer, the Chief Librarian shall consult with the incumbent and, if requested by the incumbent, with the Association. 10. 2Library Director Plan and manage all aspects of library operations: budget, personnel, services, program planning, development and assessment, facilities and equipment. Implement university vision through long-range planning. Plan and implement new and enhanced user-services, including information literacy and remote access for populations at off-campus instructional locations. Create library policies in collaboration with library faculty members. Coordinate collection development and management of library collections Collaborate with Office of Information Technology on integration of emerging technologies and provision of electronic resources to the university community. Lead in an open and collaborative manner. Integrate the core values of respect, compassion, integrity, justice and service in all aspects of interaction. 10. 3Senior Librarian Under direction, to supervise and perform a full range of professional services in a major functional area within the library, and to do related work as required. Supervises children’s section of the library; selects books and other media for children and young adults; plans and presents programs, story hours, puppet shows and book talks; teaches children the use of library tools; advises parents on use of library facilities; establishes communication with teachers; reads book reviews and compiles bibliographies; gathers statistics and prepares report; reads relevant literature and reviews; supervises pages; attends and participates in professional meetings. Supervises cataloging of books and other library materials; does original cataloging as required; supervises book process; plans, supervises and reviews the work of cataloging clerk, book processor, and mender; works with other professionals in maintenance of collection and completeness of catalog; compiles monthly and yearly statistical reports; occasionally works at the reference desk; attends and participates in professional meetings; reads relevant literature. 10. 4Librarian. A librarian is an information professional trained in library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials for those with information needs. Typically, librarians work in a public or college library, an elementary or secondary school media center, a library within a business or company, or another information-provision agency like a hospital or law firm. Some librarians are independent entrepreneurs working as information specialists, catalogers, indexers and other professional, specialized capacities. Librarians may be categorized as a public, school, correctional, special, independent or academic librarian. 10. 5Cataloger The cataloger is responsible for original cataloging of monographs and other formats in Slavic and other European languages in all subjects. The Library is a member of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging, and descriptive cataloging is performed in accordance with national standards. Subject analysis and classification assignment follow Library of Congress standards and local practice. Authority records follow NACO standards and are contributed to the national authority file. The cataloger also investigates and participates in implementation of solutions for providing bibliographic control for all types of resources including electronic resources. In addition to cataloging traditional materials and in support of the Catalog Department’s endeavor to integrate bibliographical control for digital resources, the cataloger may participate in activities to implement non-MARC descriptive standards and contribute to the development of new metadata services for the Library’s growing collection of digital resources. The cataloger collaborates with other catalogers and Library staff to establish and maintain local policies and procedures for bibliographic and metadata services, projects, and other activities that affect the library’s integrated library system, search engines, and overall access to the collections. He/she keeps abreast of the current trends and best practices for bibliographic and metadata services in the field. The cataloger also serves on library committees, participates in library-wide programs and activities, and is expected to be active professionally. 10. 6Indexer Search engine indexing collects, parses, and stores data to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval. Index design incorporates interdisciplinary concepts from linguistics, cognitive psychology, mathematics, informatics, physics and computer science. An alternate name for the process in the context of search engines designed to find web pages on the Internet is Web indexing. Popular engines focus on the full-text indexing of online, natural language documents. Media types such as video and audio and graphics are also searchable. Meta search engines reuse the indices of other services and do not store a local index, whereas cache-based search engines permanently store the index along with the corpus. Unlike full-text indices, partial-text services restrict the depth indexed to reduce index size. Larger services typically perform indexing at a predetermined time interval due to the required time and processing costs, while agent based search engines index in real time. 11. 0CONCLUSION.

Elements of Comedy in The Simpsons Essay -- TV Television

Elements of Comedy in The Simpsons The TV show, "The Simpsons" is considered by many to be one of the greatest animated shows ever made. Incredibly popular with people of all ages, creator Matt Groening combined numerous elements of humor to produce a truly original program. His goal is to never repeat the same joke twice. The year 2000 will mark the 10th anniversary of the show (which adds up to a lot of original jokes), and highlights its achievement as primetime TVÕs current longest running series. In addition, "The Simpsons" was selected to be the feature presentation at the Sixth Annual U.S. Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen, Colorado. There, members of the cast will re-enact a previous episode in front of a live audience. "The Simpsons" is watched specifically for its humor. Never before has a TV show combined so many elements of humor together and still contained enough original ideas to run 10 seasons. Although some people do not care for "The Simpsons" humor, the show still has a significant following. One of the reasons "The Simpsons" is so popular is that the show addresses a wide variety of stereotypes through its characters. People can relate to the stereotypes. Many of the characters are recognizable by name from week to week, and those that arenÕt either take the form of a stereotyped profession, or the typical John Q. Public. The result is rather amusing as everyone from the nerdy scientist to the ambulance-chasing lawyer makes appearances. Another reason "The Simpsons" has lasted so long is that much of its comedy comes from takeoffs and parodies of other shows or movies. Most viewers are familiar with a substantial number of old shows or movies, s... ...jokes that never would have existed otherwise: exchanges between characters, comments on society, and various events in the show all take an ironically-humorous twist. This type of humor is a defining characteristic of the show. Combined with the other aspects, "The Simpsons" will truly go down as a classic series of all time. Works Cited Carlisle, Henry C., ed. American Satire in Prose and Verse. New York: Random House, 1962. Feinburg, Leonard. Introduction to Satire. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press, 1967. Groening, Matt. The Simpsons A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family. Ed. Ray Richmond. New York: HarperPerrenial, 1997. Kim, James, and Cade Whitbourn. The Simpsons. "Matt Groening." 1998. School of Media and Communication. 23 Nov 2002. http://mdcm.artsunsw.edu.au/Students98/WhitbournC/innovate1/creator.html

Promoting Indigenous Family Health Essay

It is a known fact that Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander populations don’t live as long as their western counterparts as shown by AMA Health Report Card (2011). ‘Closing the Gap’ (Calma 2008) is a campaign aimed at a national attempt to support and bring equity in health to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. In order to be successful in this we must identify the key issues causing this inequity and through public awareness and government campaigns such as ‘closing the gap’, we become closer to our goal of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders reaching a full and greater life expectancy. Health reform initiatives are used to promote health care within their communities and encourage Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to be educated about their own health. As a nurse, in order to assist in this process, an understanding of family centred health care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family must be utilized. With these two nursing skills, the local health initiatives and government campaign’s, we are providing the best opportunity and support for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities to take control of their health and ultimately ‘close the gap’. Key issues contributing to the ‘gap’ in health and life expectancy, as identified by AMA (2011), include; low income, limited education, low levels of employment, poor housing, affordability of health care, geographical access to health care and the acceptability of the health care practice to Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (2013) is a local health reform initiative for Aboriginals and Torres straight Islanders that provides a culturally secure environment where they can access health care due to it’s geographical location, affordability and mostly acceptability. Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Service (IAMS 2013) has two centers within the Illawarra making it geographically accessible. The center is entirely aimed towards the better health of Aboriginals and Torres Straight Islanders, ensuring all health care is affordable and providing as much assistance and support where it may be needed to help these communities improve their health. The main key issue identified by AMA (2011) that is addressed within the IAMS (2013), is the acceptability. The two medical centers are entirely based on the care given to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities, making them specialized and aware of cultural beliefs, customs and the correct communication techniques. The Illawarra Aboriginal Medical Services also employ Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander members of the community as their staff providing a culturally secure environment and a greater concept of family centred care and the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander concept of family within their approach. The AMA (2011) states that Indigenous health workers are significant in facilitating the journey of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders to better health. This also provides opportunities to the Indigenous communities to gain employment, contributing to the resolution for issues of low income and low levels of employment, as identified in the AMA Report Card (2011). Centers such as these provide Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families a culturally secure, accessible and affordable method to be treated for their health issues in a more comfortable surrounding. On a larger scale the Department of Health and Ageing run by the Australian Government have many programs and health reform initiates in place to assist in ‘closing the gap’ as identified by Calma (2008). Element three of the Indigenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report (2011) have a goal of increasing the provision of maternal and child health services of Indigenous children and their mothers. To achieve this, the Child and Maternal Health Services component of their program includes $90. 3million to be used for New Directions Mothers and Babies Services (Department of Health and Ageing 2011). This initiative increases access for Indigenous mothers and their children to; antenatal and postnatal care, education and assistance with breastfeeding, nutrition and parenting, monitoring of immunization status and infections, health checks and referrals for Indigenous children before starting school and monitoring developmental milestones. This initiative provides Indigenous communities with access to health care that promotes better health in the new generation of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Australians, designed to assist with ‘closing the gap’ by raising a new generation with fewer health issues. With this, we are able to address key issues identified by AMA (2011). The main key issue addressed by this initiative is access. Consultations are held with Aboriginal Health Forums to assist in the identification of priority areas for child and maternal health services. In their annual report, the Department of health and Ageing (2011) state that this ensures that access is given those most in need considering, geographic location, affordability and acceptance. The second key issue identified in the AMA Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Health Report Card (2011) addressed by this initiative is education. The funding provided builds a solid base for providing much needed education to mothers about their babies and already existing children. In order for a program such as this to be successful, health professionals allocated to educating Aboriginals and Torres Straight islanders must be equipped and prepared to deal with the problems faced by cultural barriers as well as being experienced in a family centred care approach (Taylor & Guerin 2010). Family centred nursing care is an important factor in the health outcome of any given patient (Bamm & Rosenbaum 2008). They also claim that there is no exact definition of family, instead, the meaning of family and their level of involvement in care provided, is determined by the patient themselves. The core concepts of successful family centred care are; respect and dignity, information sharing, participation, and collaboration (IFPCC 2013). These principles are the main constituents of effective family centred health care, and ultimately better health outcomes for the patient themselves (Mitchell, Chaboyer & Foster 2007). These concepts can be utilized, with a correct nursing approach, regardless of age, gender or cultural differences. To provide the best family centred care to Indigenous Australians, nurses must utilize the main concepts above, but also have an understanding of the Indigenous concept of family. The Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander population have strong family values, however, it differs from the usual nuclear concept of family in common ‘western’ society. Their family has an extended structure, and in order to provide adequate family centred care, this concept must be understood by health professionals on all levels, including nurses (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). This concept of extended family and their Indigenous ‘community’ as their family means that children are not only the concern of their biological parents, but the entire community. Care of the children in indigenous communities is the responsibility of everyone. Family members can be blood-related, through marriage or through their community, such as elders. It is normal for a combination of mothers, fathers, uncles, aunties, cousins, brothers, sisters or elders to be involved into the care of the individual and these figures must be treated as their direct family even if not directly blood-related (NSW Department of Community Servies 2009). In order to provide family centred care, to not only Indigenous but also all patients, a therapeutic relationship and foundation of trust should be developed (Baas 2012). The principles of family centred care should also be incorporated, especially respect of the Indigenous culture and maintaining their dignity. Respect and dignity, combined with trust and a therapeutic relationship within the Indigenous community, information sharing, participation and collaboration should follow once enough trust has been developed. To gain the trust of Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander patient’s and their family, firstly an understanding of their culture should be pertained. When needed, to be aware of such customs as ‘Men’s and Women’s business’, and to respect these practices within your care (Tantiprasut and Crawford 2003). This shows the patient and their family members, you respect them and their culture. Introducing yourself in a friendly and polite manner, including all family members present and always respecting cultural values is key to receiving respect back and developing trust. Acknowledge and actively listen to the needs of the Indigenous people and also their community in a culturally appropriate manner. As described in the practice resource for working with Indigenous communities published by DOCS (2009) showing respect for their elders and community leaders and involving them in important decision making processes will also show that you respect them, their culture and that they can trust you and eventually your advice regarding health issues. In order to successfully be accepted by the community, communication techniques need to be specialized to avoid offending any members of the family or misinterpreting their language. Gaining a basic knowledge of their community will assist in understanding the dominant family groups, language groups and preferred names. This ensures you don’t step out of your boundaries and remain respectful in your approach to their care. Including or consulting with Aboriginal health care workers regarding communication and Aboriginal-English would be beneficial to adequately understand their method of communication. Understanding non-verbal methods of communication and being aware of your own non-verbal communication is highly appropriate when consulting with Indigenous communities. Always speaking with respect, clearly, and avoiding jargon will deliver the best results when building a relationship within the tribes (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). Remaining open minded when consulting with Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities in aspects of communication and family relations will avoid incorrect assumptions. It is also high important to play an active role within the community and their events. According to NSW Department of Community Services (2009) within Indigenous communities’ word of mouth is a powerful tool, once an outsider is known as someone who listens actively and can be trusted, the community will be eager to work collaboratively and participate in your health approach (NSW Department of Community Services 2009). When the principles of family centred care; trust, dignity, collaboration and participation, have all been achieved and a therapeutic relationship within the community has developed, the community will listen to your health advice. When introducing a health concept to the Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander families it is important to engage them actively into your care (NSW Department of Community Services 2008). Using appropriate communication techniques to explain health issues and the reasons they need to be addressed provides them with education and knowledge regarding why interventions need to be implemented. Allowing them to discuss their options and decide as a community is also important, forcing them to uptake medical help could be seen as disrespectful. Allowing time to answer all questions and concerns from various members of the family in a manner they can understand identifies that you are actively listening and honestly concerned for their health. Demaio and Dysdale 2012 show that continuity of involvement in their community, and providing a continuous support network will only further build their trust in your advice. The ‘gap’ in health and life expectancy between Indigenous Australians and ‘westernised’ Australians is a concerning issue within the country (Calma 2008). Health reform initiatives are funded by the government and local organisations to provide accessible, affordable and culturally safe health care to our Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander communities. These initiatives are designed to address the key issues identified in the AMA Report Card (2011) regarding barriers to health care. Approaching Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander family communities utilizing the family health care principles and with a knowledge of their concept of community family and understanding of their culture increases positive outcomes in their health education and furthermore assisting to ‘close the gap’. References Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander Corporation 2013, ‘Ilawarra Aboriginal Medical Service’, viewed 27 April 2013 www. illawarraams. com. au Australian Medical Association 2011, Best practice in primary health care for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders, viewed 28 April 2013 http://ama. com. au/aboriginal-reportcard2010-11 Baas, L 2012, ‘Patient and family centred care’, Heart and Lung, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 534-535. Bamm, E, Rosenbaum, P 2008, ‘Family centred theory: origins, development, barriers and supports to implementation in rehabilitation medicine’, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1618-1624. Calma, T, 2008, ‘Closing the Gap: Campaign for Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander health inequality by 2030’, Australian Government, Canberra. Demaio, A, Drysdale, M 2012, ‘Appropriate health promotion for Australian Aboriginal and torres straight islander communities: crucial for closing the gap’, Global Health Promotion, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 58-62. Department of Health and Ageing 2011, Indigenous Early Childhood Development National Partnership Annual Report, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/Content/1D00A20690DD46EFCA2579860081EEE4/$File/NewDirectionsMothersandBabiesServices-AnnualReport2010-11. pdf IPFCC 2013, Institute for patient and family centred care, viewed 28 April 2013 www. ipfcc. org. au Mitchell, M, Chaboyer, W, Foster, M 2007, ‘Positive effects of a nursing intervention on family-centred care in adult critical care’, American Journal of Critical Nursing, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 543-552. NSW Deparment of Community Services 2008, Brighter futures: engaging with aboriginal children and families, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/brighterfutures_enagaging_aboriginal. pdf NSW Department of Community Services 2009, Working with aboriginal communities – a practice resource, viewed 28 April 2013 http://www. community. nsw. gov. au/docswr/_assets/main/documents/working_with_aboriginal. pdf Tantiprasut, L, Crawford, J 2003, ‘Australian Aboriginal Culture’, R. I. C Publications, Sydney. Taylor, K, Guerin, P 2010, Health care and Indigenous Australians: cultural safety in practice, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra.

Independence Air Project

Independence air was not the original name of the airline. It was formerly known as the Atlantic Coast Airlines. The airline originally operated in collaboration with United Airlines and Delta Airlines Inc. It was a contract carrier for the two older companies.However, Atlantic Coast decided to operate independently when United attempted to reduce Atlantic’s fee under the new contract. After the first flight to Atlanta was fully booked, Independence Air expanded the business into most states of the East Coast. In the West Coast the company operated only in a few major cities.I.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Target Market, Strengths and WeaknessesThe company is a Low Cost Carrier, which means that the target market is from the segment with price oriented perspectives. The company started by expanding the service into the eastern cost of the continent because the managers believed that the locations possess more opportunities for Independence Air (Laura, 2005).However, the company also maintained existence in the west coast of the continent by providing routes for major airports in the region. The original business model of the company was based on two core qualities: rock bottom fares and internet marketing services. It was originally a success because most of the 600 daily flights to 37 destinations were fully booked (Laura, 2005).Nevertheless, as the months go by, the number of flights was slashed down to only 200 a day (‘Flyi’, 2006; ‘Final Boarding Call, 2006).The strengths of the model mentioned above were no match for the problems within the LCC industry at the time. Increasing fuel cost and continued competition from many airlines including the former partner, United Airlines, stripped the company from its profits (Downfall, 2006).I.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketing MixI.3.1.  Ã‚   Product/serviceThe company is a Low Cost Carrier airline, which generally means that the company provided air travel services with the cheapest prices possib le. In case of the Independence Air, managers and employees of the company are dedicated to creating a low-fare airline based on these six philosophies:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about the customer first;2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am genuine;3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about integrity;4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about operational excellence;5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am innovative;6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am enthusiastic. The six philosophies have a core purpose of creating the corporate image as ‘the official airline of fast, easy and less expensive’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (‘Independence Air’, 2005)I.3.2.  Ã‚   PriceArticles from various writers who wrote about the company stated that it has ‘rock-bottom fares’. The company offers one of the cheapest fares in the continent. In terms of price, the company has the philosophy of ensuring customers to feel that ‘I can fly on my budget’.In order to reach such goal, besides providing cheap flights, the airline also simplified their fare structure into four fare types. The purpose is to create an easy to understand fare system and easy to book (‘Independence Air’, 2005).I.3.3.  Ã‚   PromotionIn order to promote quality of its flight services, the company operated based on two philosophies, which is to ensure the consumer believed that: 1) they can fly on their own schedule and 2) they can fly their own way (‘Independence Air’, 2005).In order to support the implementation of these philosophies, the company established hundreds of non-stop flights to 37 destinations. The company also order planes with new seat designs and new cabin designs the will provide customers with the most convenient flight in the industry of air travel (‘Independence Air’, 2005).It was recorded that the CEO spent significant amount of corporate money on advertising and community sponsorships. The CEO hired people from various media-related professions to p romote the birth of the company. Some of these people are: political consultant Carville and his wife, the comedian Dennis Miller, soccer star Mia Hamm and musician Chuck Berry.I.3.4.  Ã‚   PlaceThe company preferred electronic means to promote their services rather than traditional means. The most prominent promotional and the sales channel is the internet, along with an 800 number which makes it easier for people to book flights with the airline.I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Causes of BankruptcyThere are several analyses on what causes the bankruptcy of the low cost carrier. This particular case study is deemed interesting for many scholars because of its peculiarity. Low Cost Carriers are deemed as the future of the airline industry.However, the case of independence air revealed the fact that there are other factors in the airline business than just price. According to an article by the Boyd Group, people are often unable to separate between facts and myths in the airline business. Here are several examples: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the popular opinion that the LCC model introduced by the famous Southwest airline is very much profitable, analysts believed that the mode is actually not profitable once the fuel price exceeds $2 per gallon ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As mentioned previously, many considered that LCC is the future of the airline industry for modern countries. Nevertheless, further analysis revealed that the picture looks worsen as the airline industry goes forward.The most prominent theory is the ‘over-capacity theory. The LCC model has very low margin, which means it requires each airline to have sufficiently large market share in order to remain profitable.Nevertheless, with the appearance of new airlines and new competitors, many predicted that their planes should have bumped into each other, in the sense that they will soon run out of sources of revenue. ·Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another misperception of the condition in the airline industry is the notion that LCC will always outlast a legacy airline. It as reported that in the second quarter of 2005, Americana and Continental Airlines, two of the largest legacy airlines in the United States declared considerable profit.The fundamentals are revealed, the issue is not only cost, but also revenues. Well after the September 11th tragedy, customers have regain their trust to the airline industry and some of them return to their consuming routine of searching for ‘convenience’ in flying.If the LCC do not enhance its ability in providing higher quality services, some legacy airlines will take away their customers easily.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (The Boyd group, 2005)In the particular case of the Independence airline, it is stated that the main cause of their failure is because there are already too many competing airlines offering routes on similar rout es and racing to offer passengers with the lowest possible fares.The market system caused prices to go even lower every time a new airline is entering the industry (Nance, 2006; ‘Independence Air’, 2006).

How to Build Your Persuasion Skills and Get What You Want

How to Build Your Persuasion Skills and Get What You Want Whether you’re about to enter an interview situation or would just like generally to be a more persuasive person, there are things you can do to build your likability- and  your ability to get what you want, when you want it. You don’t have to be innately good looking, super social, and super talented to be likable and persuasive. You just need to boost your emotional intelligence and build your persuasion skills. What Great Persuaders Have In CommonThere are some key behaviors that people who get what they want all have.People PleasingKnowing when and how to sacrifice in order to win the  war, rather than every small battle, is an important skill. Good persuaders know  how to give ground to coworkers (even adversaries!) and play the long game by making people happy.Not PushingYou must establish needs and ideas assertively and with confidence, but without being pushy or overly impatient†¦ all while never being mousy or a pushover!Knowing their AudiencePeople who get what they want know how to play to whatever crowd or group they’re  facing, know when to quit or pull back slightly, and learn to paint a specific picture in order to sell an idea.Using Body Language EffectivelySmiling is a secret weapon you should not underestimate- inspiring trust and confidence in your colleagues and managers. But other kinds of body language are helpful as well, such as keeping your arms open and not crossed, leaning in, and making eye contact.ListeningAcknowledging your listener’s point of view, asking intelligent questions, and using their name are all great ways to show your openness to other points of view and your willingness to compromise.Establishing a ConnectionIf you want to make real connections, the best way to do this is to find common ground with the people you speak to and to be genuine, rather than trying to conform to some idea of what you think people want to see or hear from you.How You can Improve Your Skills to Get a J obIf you are facing an interview situation, then there are a few extra tips to prove (and practice) your persuasiveness.Determine Whether You’re Thinking or FeelingDecide based on your interviewer whether it would be most beneficial to preface what you’re saying with â€Å"I think† or â€Å"I feel.† Research shows this makes a difference depending on how the person you are speaking to is oriented, with most analytical/cognitive-oriented people being more susceptible to thought/task-oriented language.Think of Yourself a Product to PitchRemember that an interview is a sales pitch. Don’t just rely on rehashing your experience. Find a way to market and sell yourself. Try recording three unique selling points, or your brand, that you want your interviewer to remember after you leave. Never offer a standard answer when you could tailor your answer to be more relevant to your interviewer’s business and their experience. Speak with passion and youâ €™ve got yourself a real sales pitch!Come Armed with KnowledgeDo the homework necessary to be taken as an expert. Research the industry, wield the jargon, and prepare examples of how you would be (because you already have been) effective in dealing with the kinds of problems you might confront in this job.Project ConfidenceRemember that projecting confidence is absolutely crucial to presenting your ideas. The best way to achieve the right degree of confidence is to practice as much as possible, until what you’re saying is automatic and comfortable. Then just remember to breathe regularly to keep your nerves at bay. If you get derailed, just try and mimic the behavior, postures, and tone of the most confident person you know! Eventually, you’ll start to feel as confident as you are acting.

Battle of Seven Pines in the Civil War

Battle of Seven Pines in the Civil War The Battle of Seven Pines took place May 31, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and represented the farthest advance of Major General George B. McClellans 1862 Peninsula Campaign. In the wake of the Confederate victory at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861, a series of changes commenced in the Union high command. The following month, McClellan, who had won a series of minor victories in western Virginia was summoned to Washington, DC and tasked with building an army and capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond. Constructing the Army of the Potomac that the summer and fall, he commenced planning his offensive against Richmond for the spring of 1862. To the Peninsula To reach Richmond, McClellan sought to transport his army down the Chesapeake Bay to Union-held Fortress Monroe. From there, it would push up the Peninsula between the James and York Rivers to Richmond. This approach would permit him to flank and avoid General Joseph E. Johnstons forces in northern Virginia. Moving forward in mid-March, McClellan began shifting around 120,000 men to the Peninsula. To oppose the Union advance, Major General John B. Magruder possessed approximately 11,000-13,000 men.   Establishing himself near the old American Revolution battlefield at Yorktown, Magruder built a defensive line running south along the Warwick River and ending at Mulberry Point. This was supported by a second line to the west that passed in front of Williamsburg. Lacking sufficient numbers to fully man the Warwick Line, Magruder used a variety of theatrics to delay McClellan during the Siege of Yorktown.   This allowed Johnston time to move south with the bulk of his army. Reaching the area, Confederate forces swelled to around 57,000. The Union Advance Realizing this amounted to less than half of McClellans command and that the Union commander was planning a large-scale bombardment, Johnston ordered Confederate forces to retreat from the Warwick Line on the night of May 3. Covering his withdrawal with an artillery bombardment, his men slipped away unnoticed.  The Confederate departure was discovered the following morning and an unprepared McClellan directed Brigadier General George Stonemans cavalry and infantry under Brigadier General Edwin V. Sumner to mount a pursuit.   Slowed due to muddy roads, Johnston ordered Major General James Longstreet, whose division was serving as the armys rearguard, to man a section of the Williamsburg defensive line to buy the retreating Confederates time (Map). In the resulting Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, Confederate troops succeeded in delaying the Union pursuit. Moving west, McClellan sent several divisions up the York River by water to Elthams Landing. As Johnston withdrew into the Richmond defenses, Union troops moved up the Pamunkey River and established as series of supply bases. Plans Concentrating his army, McClellan routinely reacted to inaccurate intelligence that led him to believe that he was significantly outnumbered and displayed the cautiousness that would become a hallmark of his career. Bridging the Chickahominy River, his army faced Richmond with about two-thirds of its strength north of the river and one-third to the south. On May 27, Brigadier General Fitz John Porters V Corps engaged the enemy at Hanover Court House. Though a Union victory, the fighting led McClellan to worry about the safety of his right flank and made him hesitant to transfer more troops south of the  Chickahominy.   Across the lines, Johnston, who recognized that his army could not withstand a siege, made plans to attack McClellans forces. Seeing that Brigadier General Samuel P. Heintzelmans III Corps and Brigadier General Erasmus D. Keyes IV Corps were isolated south of the  Chickahominy, he intended to throw two-thirds of his army against them. The remaining third would be used to hold McClellans other corps in place north of the river. Tactical control of the attack was delegated to Major General James Longstreet. Johnstons plan called for Longstreets men to fall upon IV Corps from three directions, destroy it, then move north to crush III Corps against the river.      Armies Commanders: Union Major General George B. McClellanaround 40,000 engaged Confederate General Joseph E. JohnstonGeneral Gustavus W. Smitharound 40,000 engaged A Bad Start Moving forward on May 31, the execution of Johnstons plan went badly from the start, with the assault beginning five hours late and with only a fraction of the intended troops participating. This was due to Longstreet using the wrong road and Major General Benjamin Huger receiving orders that did not give a start time for the attack. In position on time as ordered,  Major General D.H. Hills division waited for their comrades to arrive. A 1:00 PM, Hill took matters in his own hands and advanced his men against Brigadier General Silas Caseys IV Corps division. Hill Attacks Pushing back the Union skirmish lines, Hills men launched assaults against Caseys earthworks to the west of Seven Pines. As Casey called for reinforcements, his inexperienced men fought hard to maintain their position. Ultimately overwhelmed, they fell back to a second line of earthworks at Seven Pines. Requesting aid from Longstreet, Hill received one brigade to support his efforts. With the arrival of these men around 4:40 PM, Hill moved against the second Union line (Map). Attacking, his men encountered the remnants of Caseys division as well as those of Brigadier Generals Darius N. Couch and Philip Kearny (III Corps). In an effort to dislodge the defenders, Hill directed four regiments to attempt to turn IV Corps right flank.   This attack had some success and forced Union troops back to the Williamsburg Road. Union resolve soon stiffened and subsequent assaults were defeated. Johnston Arrives Learning of the fighting, Johnston advanced with four brigades from Brigadier General William H.C. Whitings division. These soon encountered Brigadier General William W. Burns brigade from Brigadier General John Sedgwicks II Corps division and began pushing it back. Learning of the fighting to the south of the Chickahominy, Sumner, commanding II Corps, had commenced moving his men over the rain-swollen river. Engaging the enemy to the north of Fair Oaks Station and Seven Pines, the remainder of Sedgwicks men were able to halt Whiting and inflict heavy losses.       As darkness approached fighting died out along the lines. During this time, Johnston was struck in the right shoulder by a bullet and in the chest by shrapnel. Falling from his horse, he broke two ribs and his right shoulder blade. He was replaced by Major General Gustavus W. Smith as army commander. During the night, Brigadier General Israel B. Richardsons II Corps division arrived and took a place in the center of the Union lines. June 1 The next morning, Smith resumed attacks on the Union line. Beginning around 6:30 AM, two of Hugers brigades, led by Brigadier Generals William Mahone and Lewis Armistead, hit Richardsons lines. Though they had some initial success, the arrival of Brigadier General David B. Birneys brigade ended the threat after fierce fighting. The Confederates fell back and fighting ended around 11:30 AM. Later that day, Confederate President Jefferson Davis arrived at Smiths headquarters. As Smith had been indecisive, bordering on a nervous breakdown, since Johnstons wounding, Davis elected to replace him with his military advisor,  General Robert E. Lee (Map). Aftermath The Battle of Seven Pines cost McClellan 790 killed, 3,594 wounded, and 647 captured/missing. Confederate losses numbered 980 killed, 4,749 wounded, and 405 captured/missing. The battle marked the high point of McClellans Peninsula Campaign and the high casualties shook the Union commanders confidence. In the long term, it had a profound influence upon the war as Johnstons wounding led to the elevation of Lee. An aggressive commander, Lee would lead the Army of Northern Virginia for the remainder of the war and won several key victories over Union forces. For over three weeks after Seven Pines, the Union army sat idle until the fighting was renewed at the Battle of Oak Grove on June 25. The battle marked the beginning of the Seven Days Battles which saw Lee force McClellan away from Richmond and back down the Peninsula.

Principles of nursing practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of nursing practice - Essay Example Nurses account for the well-being of their assigned patients, nursing actions and professional behavior (Bullock, Macleod Clark & Rycroft-Malone 2012, p. 223). The nursing team functions on their level of proficiency in the legally recognized range of practice. The nursing staff undertakes steps to promote the delivery of safe, and appropriate ethical care to patients. They uphold the principle of safeguarding the health and safety of each patient. They enquire and get involved to address unsafe, corrupt, or incompetent practices that interfere with their ability to provide safe, ethical, compassionate, and competent care to the patients. They also take preventive measures to minimize harm that arises from adverse occurrences. They work as a team to reduce the potential for future risks and preventable harms. Nurses provide information to patients in their care with the facts they need to make well-versed decisions connected to their health and well-being. They ensure they provide nursing care with the patients informed consent. The nurses respect the wishes of people who decline to receive information about their health conditions. The nurses recognize and respect an individuals freedom to withdraw consent for care or treatment at any time. Nurses express linguistic expertise in their practice. The nursing team engages in compassionate care through their speech and physical response in an effort to realize and care for the needs of the patients. They identify and analyze relevant information when making decisions regarding the status of the patient (Bullock, Macleod Clark & Rycroft-Malone 2012, p.159). They assist patients to learn about the health care system and assessing appropriate health care facilities. The nurses have a responsibility to exhibit competence continuously. They utilize a combination of technical expertise and clinical reasoning to provide appropriate healthcare to patients. The qualities and capabilities of nurses