Ethical Health Care Issues Essay

Health billing moral philosophy involves do well researched and involveate decisions just rough health check examination treatments, while taking into consideration a affected role ofs beliefs and wishes regarding all aspects of their wellness. The wellness gondola mission industry, above some(prenominal) some other, has a uplifted regard for the issues surrounding the welf be of their long-sufferings. This creator over a affected roles wellbeing creates a mandatory pick up for all healthc be organizations to develop an morals committee. The committees goal is to examine a written code of ethics that details the policies and procedures that determine proper require for all employees. There are galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) estimable issues that may arise in regards to a tolerants health concern.Treating patients with certain(prenominal) religious beliefs pose important h angiotensin converting enzymest issues in the field of health sustenance. Thi s paper exit describe an honest health care issue concerning refusal of care, such as a gillyflower transmission line transfusion. It will cover the tetrad honorable principles as they apply to healthcare providers and patients dependables. It is important that health care workers agree a rudimentary understanding of manufacturers find oneselfes philosophy about origin transfusion so that as professionals we grass be proactive in their management. good Health Care IssueIn all areas of practice, docs interject into contact with shapers datees and their refusal to accept blood transfusion, stock-still when it means saving their lives. The nobles go steady assurance creates some quarrels for physicians caring for its members. The good principles of liberty versus beneficence come into conflict when a physician believes a transfusion is in the best arouse of the patient, unless the patient refuses. Legal priority provides a backdrop. In addition, Panico, Jenq, & adenine Brewster (2011) expression states, there was a trip involving a woman who had consented for examination of a fibroid neoplasm under anesthesia, but withheld consent for rsensation of the tumor. While sedated, she underwent resection of the tumor that led to complications. She sued and the guess ruled in her favor, establishing the notion that each human being should earn the near to decide what is done with his or her swallow body. Moreover, this premise gave any case-by-case the right to refuse treatment if he or she understands the endangerments a shapers Witness has the right to refuse a blood transfusion.This ruling set a spring for certain consent. In 1990, the Canadian case of Malette v Shulman expound an emergency section physician who gave a blood transfusion to an unconscious patient who was in hypovolemic shock. Per report, the patient had a signed bag card that identified her as a overlords Witness, although it was undated and unwitnessed. The pocket book card, is conside blood-red a legal document which, tell that she did not want to receive a blood transfusion under any circumstances (Lantos, Matlock, & axerophthol Wendler, 2011). Furtherto a greater extent, when the patients daughter arrived and asked that the transfusion be stopped, the physician did not comply. The physician argued that there was no way of knowing if the patient had changed her take care in the minutes before the car accident and thus he was affair bound to save her life (Lantos, Matlock, & Wendler, 2011). The court found the physician vile of battery.Although it is easy to draw on emotion to argue against the ruling in this case, the finding of fact has not been overturned. This case illustrates the current instruction to todays physicians, who are taught to assess patients autonomy and preferences for their bear bodies (Lantos, Matlock, & Wendler, 2011). Jehovahs Witness have been known to refuse transfusions with jam-packed red blo od cells to treat their life-threatening diseases. Medical professionals essential(prenominal) consider patient has autonomy of thought, lifeion, and action when making decisions regarding health care procedures. To comply with patients wishes medical professionals could offer fresh rimy plasma and platelets as an pick. Furthermore, Jehovahs Witnesses number over one zillion in the United States and at least six million worldwide. Witnesses believe in strict and literal interpretation of the Bible, which leads them to bend some aspects of modern medical care (Doyle, 2002).Medical professionals have discussed in decipherable forums ethical decisions they are required to light up while taking care of a dying patient who refused to accept a blood transfusion. Data suggests they struggled to relate to soul who would take some blood products, but not others, and who are willing to risk death over a red blood cell transfusion. Refusal of blood transfusions became cat valiu m practice only after a 1945 church decision (Mann, Votto, & Kambe, 1992). Indeed, Jehovahs Witnesses interpret these sections of the Bible antithetically and if a member accepts blood into their veins, they are shunned and forfeit their membership in the faith community and eternal life. The company had compel shunning and social isolation by Witnesses own family members, relatives, and friends, finally leading to ejection from the religion (Doyle, 2002).Similarly, research suggest that the health care provider must consider four-spot main areas when evaluating justice and the four areas are fair distribution of barely resources, competing removes, rights and pledges, and potential conflicts with established legislation (Gillon, 1994). In considering the many ethical dilemmas associated with Jehovahs Witnesses and their refusal to accept blood transfusion have medical professionals focusing on the ways in which treatments or interventions violates accepted norms of l ead of social science research. Physicians must be sensitive of the growing diversity of set and beliefs among Jehovahs Witnesses. Some of the closely intractable ethical problems arise from conflicts among principles and the compulsion of trading one off against the other. The match of such principles in concrete situations is the ultimate ethical act (House, 1993, p. 168). paygrade involves at least four levels of social-political interaction- with government and other agency policy makers who commission evaluation. Evaluation has to operate in this multilayered context of different interests, providing information to inform decisions while rest independent of the policies and programs themselves (House, 1993, p. 170). More importantly, the weight of ethical judgment is thus put on experimental research to justify group meeting ethical standards (Panico, Jenq, & Brewster, 2011). Resource apportioning is a major issue that physicians are confronted with when dealing with Jehovahs Witness allocation. Beneficence requires that the procedure be provided with the intent of doing good for the patient involved. As described above if a patient refuses a blood transfusion and opt for an secondary procedure that costs more it potful prove problematic (Panico, Jenq, & Brewster, 2011).When society thinks of the greater good, this argument poses a challenge to the principles of patient autonomy that we also value. In a society in which medical resources are costly, benefits will always need to be weighed against the potential cost to twain the patient and society thus creating ethical challenges. Finally, the care of a Jehovahs Witness with life threatening illnesses requires a multidisciplinary and planned approach. These patients suffer with certain diseases and are often anaemic and must be prepared to deal with this issue in both outpatient settings and during an acute crisis. Clinicians must go out each patient as an individual who may have var ying thoughts about transfusions of the multiple different blood products that are available. Therefore, medical practices today need to touch to unaffixed early lines of communication with these patients.Providing fitted information and educating the patient about realities and obtaining informed consent before subjecting a patient to any test, procedure, or surgery is very(prenominal) essential. It is vital to the optimal care of a Jehovahs Witness patient. It is obligatory that dialysis unit nurses and social workers have conversations with patients about their beliefs on blood products. Discussing a patients wishes, understanding their basis for these decisions, and discussing risks, benefits, and alternatives that brook be used in both emergent and non-emergent situations is crucial to preparing for more pressing situations, when these conversations often are not possible.ConclusionsTo many Jehovahs Witnesses, the consequences of accepting a blood transfusion can be worse than death itself. Not every Jehovahs Witness patient abides by the same beliefs regarding the acceptance of blood products. These patients can be managed through on the lookout planning and open lines of communication surrounded by physicians and patients. Understanding the premise behind the beliefs of patients who are Jehovahs Witnesses is critical to scratch line conversations and truly understanding the patient. Ultimately, when a patient establishes what they will accept, as clinicians, ethically we must optimize the care we provide at bottom their wishes about blood products. Frequent and open dialogue is essential for enhancing care for a Jehovahs Witness.As an alternative to violating a patients autonomy some physicians and some infirmarys are more comfortable with bloodless procedures and patients can be referred to these centers if necessary for specialty care. Overall, health care professionals should be able to provide ethical health care to patients who are Je hovahs Witnesses at any hospital or community office, but must continue to be educated and aware of their beliefs and respect their wishes and the impact these may have on organizing and providing their care. If these considerations are neglected one can surely expect ethical breaches or dilemmas as inevitable.ReferencesDoyle D. Blood transfusions and the Jehovahs Witness patient. Am J Ther. 20029(5)417424. Gillon, R. (1994). Informed consent an ethical obligation or legal compulsion. Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840885/ House, R. (1993). Ethics in evaluation. Retrieved from http//www.uk.sagepub.com/gray3e/study/chapter12/Book%20chapters/Ethics_in_Evaluation.pdf168-170. Lantos J, Matlock A, Wendler D. Clinician integrity and limits to patient autonomy. JAMA.2011305(5)495499. (Lantos, Matlock, & Wendler, 2011). Mann M, Votto J, Kambe J, McNamee M. Management of the severely anemic patient who refuses transfusion lessons learned during the care of the Jehovahs Witness. Ann Intern Med. 1992117(12)10421048. Panico, M. L., Jenq, G. Y., & Brewster, U. C. (2011). When a patient refuses life-saving care. American ledger of Kidney Diseases, 58(4), 647-653.