Cheating in Sports Essay

Cheating occurs every(prenominal)where. close to tree trunk right now in a classroom, baseb all game park, football field, basketball court, or a workplace is secretly trick to be one step ahead of his controversy at all clock times. Some say it is the nature of competition that arises these cheaters, but others believe it is the enormous amount of pressure that is put on these athletes. Although legion(predicate) current athletes secretly follow the cheating paths of Barry Bonds and Lance Armstrong to stand knocked prohibited(p) in their respective sports, they fail to realize the culture of cheating changes the manner people look at the sport.Performance enhancing drugs are used by professional athletes to improve their efficiency. Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, increases testosterone in the physical structure and helps athletes recover from injuries quicker and around of the essence(predicate)ly it promotes muscle growth. Steroids quickly transforms t hese athletes to superstars who continually rupture records with relative ease. With the expectations of fans nowadays on these athletes, winning has become more(prenominal) than important than cosmos loyal to the game. Remember, this is their career that these athletes are putting in fortune but many forget that and look at the high essay high reward, with the high reward being the millions of dollars they will set about for being the top per fountain. The use of these steroids have become a major(ip) touch on for the United States Anti Doping Agency because these athletes and trainers are always finding diametrical ways to get passed the testing system.What convinces these athletes that cheating is fair? Is it the trainers who amaze these athletes by showing the freakish results they hatful achieve by using steroids? argon they intrigued by the millions of dollars a more or less Valuable Player award sure enough will translate. Is it the will and determination to win e very game? Some will cheat unless to stop their rivals from achieving greatness.Arguably one of the sterling(prenominal) baseball players of all time Barry Bonds is one of the biggest cheaters in sports history. A major league baseball player for twenty one years for the Pittsburgh Pirates and chiefly the San Francisco Giants, Bonds holds numerous records including Most inhabitancy runs of all time, single season home run record, seven Most Valuable Player awards, four consecutive, and many more.Bonds started his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates where he was a slim speedy outfielder with moderate power. He single handedly led the Pirates to several deep playoff runs but he just could not get his team over the hump of winning the championship. In 1993 Bonds left the Pirates to join the Giants on at that time the highest paid squash in baseball. In San Francisco, he became one of the best sluggers in history. separately year fans expected him to be in the final voting for the Most Valuable Player award and Bonds did exactly that. Throughout his years it became discernible how his body physique was drastically changing. Barry Bonds transformed from a moderate efficacious batter combined with speed to steal bases into a bodybuilder body that took pleasure in abusing opposing star pitchers.Since 2003, Barry Bonds send for has been a name figure in the BALCO scandal. Just like any athlete he denied that the use of performance enhancing drugs were the reason why he had such a career. In 2007, he was indicted because he allegedly be under profanity in court about his involvement with steroids. During this scandal in that respect were many allegations that proved Bonds had failed drug tests back in 2001 and 2000 after having his most arable seasons. These paperwork showed that even his trainer at the time, Greg Anderson, was indicted by the grand jury for distributing anabolic steroids to many of his baseball clients. Even with all of this information, Barry Bonds denied and said the change of his body was not because of steroids but a strict diet and workout program. He was convicted on April 13, 2011 on the obstruction of justice charge for trying to empty a question when asked under oath. Although his sentence did not include prison time, he lost every ounce of respect from his beloved fans and his realize career now has an asterisk next to it.With the evolution of steroids in baseball it whitethorn be inevitable before every athlete is cheating. You may think if everyone used steroids the game would be more entertaining with more home runs and action packed games, but fail consider the wellness risks these drugs have. The use of these drugs are not accidental they are used to accomplish an advantage over the opponent. If every athlete was using drugs it would be indwelling for them to knowingly increase the dosage and potentially damage their bodies fatally.Easily the most dangerous cheater of all time goes to the cyclist by the name of Lance Armstrong. Mr. Armstrong is a cancer survivor and 7 time whirl de France winner. At age 25 he was diagnosed with cancer and had immediate cognitive operation and chemotherapy to save his life. Doctors said that Lance Armstrong had less than a 40% chance of survival during this stage in his life. Despite all of this he remained pore on his secret doping to grant a return to the sport of cycle and he did just that. Lance came back to win 5 more Tour De France titles and went down as the best cyclist of all time.For oftentimes of his career many doubted that Lance Armstrong could achieve all of this without the use of slightly type of performance enhancing drugs. Just like Barry Bonds, Lance Armstrong worked with a disputed trainer who was linked to distributing steroids. Armstrong continued to deny every single line up allegation that was thrown at him by using the excuse that he had passed over 600 drug tests throughout his career. Then came the USADA i nvestigation in 2011-2012 that charge him of not only using steroids but trafficking drugs based testimonies that were submitted by former teammates and friends. He was accused of putting pressure on his teammates to take steroids to make sure the team would win the Tour de France.Lance Armstrong turned out to be the biggest bully in sports history because he would sue every person that allegedly said he took performance enhancing drugs. He lied continuingly in court and took the money of these people who were speaking the truth. These people were his teammates and friends that were there for him when he had cancer.In January 2013 Lance Armstrong finally came clean and admitted to Oprah Winfrey in a television interview that he was guilty of using all the drugs he was accused of taking. The scariest part of the interview was when he said at the time he felt like there was nothing wrong with what he was doing because everybody else cheated also so it felt like fair game. After all t hese cruel years of lying, cheating, and tainted titles, Lance Armstrong has rightfully been banned from fighting(a) in sports.In conclusion, there is nobody out there that can stop these grown male and female athletes worldwide to stop cheating and play the game how its supposed to be played. There is no doubt, however, that all this increased cheating has tainted every sports reputation and all time records mean nothing now. The only solution that could combat the cheaters is to give out lifelong bans for positive cheating tests. Nowadays the only penalty these players receive is a lengthy suspension, but by the time these athletes have been caught the end of the games and records have been broken.

North Sea Oil and Gas

E truly business or fabrication is prone to diverse risks which include floods, earthquake, terrorists which the industry should redact mechanisms in fundament to empty such. Effective chance intend has been of importance to most(prenominal) industries that get hitched with the idea. magnetic north ocean fossil crude and Gas has for a long duration been prone to the conundrum of changing weather sees which is oddly experienced in the sea. The companies that exploit the conjugation ocean anoint and gas have put a lot of stress on risk concern and most of the companies have set up risk management departments (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).Numerous deaths had occurred during the exploitation of North ocean crude and gas in the 1970s and 1980s and this called for impressive possibility readying to reduce the losings incurred by loosing workforce and by spillage of oil and gas due to buckles. The companies that exploit the gas and oil have invested in the happening p lanning as a route of commission of managing the risks (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).North ocean oil and gas has been a source of wealthiness to the countries that exploit the resource. North Sea oil has been employ to refer to the oil and infixed gas exists beneath the North Sea. The countries that exploit the North Sea oil and gas include Netherlands, Norway, Germany, United Kingdom and Denmark. Most countries and especially companies that have been given license to exploit the resource have interpreted proactive measures of risk. Mining beneath the sea has led to many deaths of the stack involved and this has called for heavy investment in risk management enters underinterpreted by the companies. The pipes that transfer the oil and natural gas from underground reservoirs to processing plants which argon mainly located round distance from the sea moldiness(prenominal) be strong to withstand the waves in the sea. Depending on weather changes, waves differ in their teetotum and this call for contingency planning otherwise heavy losses be incurred by the crabby company (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).In the 1970s, the North Sea oil a gas companies took proactive measures to subdue heavy losses that resulted when waves exceeded the aggrandisement of 3 meters. The operators laid many pipes which assumed the shape of S to find smoothness between the large barge and the ocean floor. The operators used shelve anchors to further buckles by raising and resetting the pipes at the barges. The operators had to be keen be incur illegitimate sinister of pipes would result into a pipe buckle which presented a telling threat in laying the pipes. The excessive height of waves which exceeded the anticipated height resulted in further risk of pipe buckles due to uncontrolled lowering of pipes.The companies hence had to purchase a large number of steel pipes to avoid delays incase of any pipe buckle and this methods was non exist in force(p) as the company w ould have desired. Any proactive measure that is taken to manage risk should be cost potent, utility effective and must therefore be maximizing benefits for the company while minimizing cost (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).An effective contingency planning in managing risks in labor movement requires well-grounded planning and coordination of all the stakeholders in the project to ensure maximum desirable result. riskiness management involves taking measures in dealing with uncertainty. The North Sea and oil contingency planning that was adopted in 19790s involves dealing with uncertainty because in favorable weather conditions, there is less cost involved in dealing with risks since pipe buckles will be few and hence very few new pipes will be require to be laid. However, since its onerous to predict the height of the waves in the sea which can cause heavy losses if unchecked, the companies that explore the oil and gas in the aras must take precautionary measures (Leslie and Mic haels, 1997).Exploration of North Sea oil any natural gas involves making wealth for the companies that are undertaking the projects. The importance of contingency planning in the exploration project is very essential in risk management because its used to assess the possibility of unsuitable weather condition which is a threat to the project. The assessment is consequently used to reduce the possibility of underperformance that may be realized when no measures are undertaken to reduce or avoid the pipe buckles. The cost of replacing buckled pipes reduces the pull ahead margin that is realized in the project and therefore effective contingency planning help to manage the risk.Effective contingency planning helps to capture the benefits of bazar weather. Uncertainty about weather conditions is a threat that faces the North Sea offshore pipe laying. If effective contingency planning is observed, long periods of worse weather can be sustained because the project major should be abl e to blemish and deal with the bad condition threat which is inevitable. The project managers should ensure there is plenty supply of pipes during bad weather condition to avoid delays in replacing the buckle pipes. The project managers should observe good contingency planning by ensuring that the oil and gas pipeline are complete sooner the bad weather sets in and this will supporter in reducing the costs associated with contingency planning. Laying pipelines in duration helps in avoiding major delays in the project which may result in heavy monetary losses.Contingency planning for reducing possible threats that are associated with North Sea and oil exploration could be a possible way of increasing income to the companies that are undertaking the project. American project management launch (PMI) argue that there is a possible opportunity associated with the risks that threaten the project in winter, bad weather conditions has been known to lead to gas paucity in most cities w hich due to law of demand, the prices increase. This could be an opportunity for those companies that are concerned with the project.Effective contingency planning in managing risk North Sea oil and gas has created an opportunity to the companies undertaking the project. This is attri saveed to the precautions taken by the companies in anticipation of bad weather threat. The project involves paying for delivery before the contract begins. Most companies that want to protect themselves from the deficient supply of the resources therefore buy the resources before the contract begins. The high demand has contributed to higher revenue derived from the project and this consequently results to higher lucrativeness (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).Contingency planning which is mainly associated with managing risks should not completely focus on the threats that hamper the success of the project but should also view threats as an opportunity to achieve the objectives of the project. Achieveme nt of objectives gist the project has succeeded. Therefore effective contingency planning in addressing risks should recognize the close relationship of threats and opportunities. The actions taken by the project manager in reducing the risks should seek to create an opportunity for excellence (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).Effective contingency planning should not focus on managing threats. Instead the project should seek to set the different sources of risks and consequently how to manage the risks. Focus on risks draw emphasis on the anticipated crushure. Therefore, assessing the motley sources of uncertainty and how those uncertainties can be a threat to the project and consequently how to manage the uncertainties involves application of effective contingency planning.North Sea oil and gas exploration is associated with many uncertainties which present various threats to the project. Focus on the opportunities created by the uncertainties management can lead to profitability an d success of the project. The project manager should identify the origins of uncertainties instead of managing risk basic and this will assist in addressing the root of the problem. Most projects have failed to go the set objectives due to their failure to address the root of the problems. Superficial problem solving has led undesirable results. Therefore identification of the source of uncertainties should be considered as the beginning of the risk management process in effective contingency planning (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).Uncertainty is present in every project and in all stages of the project life cycle (PLC). The uncertainty is contributed by various reasons which are inevitable. All projects success is based on various assumptions which are the main sources of uncertainties. Differences in the performance of project concerning cost, quality and duration that is required to complete the project bring a lot of uncertainties. In laying pipes in the ocean in a way that will avoid pipe buckles involved a lot of uncertainties. This is attributed to the changing weather conditions.Its hard to forecast the height of the waves in the ocean in a particular season and this present source of uncertainties since its hard to know with certainty the cost of dealing with the threat since its hard to tell the amount of pipes to be knocked grim and therefore requiring replacement (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).Proactive risk management in the North Sea oil and gas project should be entrenched in both base plans and contingency plans. Its argued that if a project focuses very more on being cost effective its bound to fail on risk management in some occasions. However, crisis management should only be used as principal management in some occasions. However, crisis management should only be used as principal management mode if the risk management fails completely (Leslie and Michaels, 1997).ReferencesLeslie, Keith, J. and Michaels, Max, P. The substantive Power of Real Options. The McKinsey Quarterly 3 (1997)134-225.

Personal Marketing Plan Personal Essay

IntroductionUpon completion of my undergrad degree in Aviation Management, I will pursue a c arer with a major air lane. Not only will I realize a life long dream but to a fault it will be a personal accomplishment in an schoolman road that was often complicated. Ideals may change, apprises do not and around things just take a little to a greater extent time to achieve. maculation Analysis*Signifi wadt Life EventsEmbry Riddle Aeronautical University in Prescott, genus Arizona solidified my hotness for a rush in aviation. Ivy partnership it isnt but it can be classified as the Harvard of the Skies for every(prenominal) practical purposes. That letter of acceptance provided me the validation I needed and the office that those with aviation expertise thought I had what it took. For the next three daylights I lived with people that shared the same aviation zest and passion that I do, the drive to succeed, to be the outperform that you can but intentional that your attitude is what will get you places and skills can al ways be learned.When I was in middle school I underwent warpry for a comic tumor that had developed on my arm. Although day surgery provided me an luck to scarper school for the day and a few days of sympathy from my family it wasnt until my follow up visit with the surgeon that I realized the serious-mindedness of the situation. When Dr. Coletta asked me if I had any concerns now that he had removed the mass I expressed my disappointment with the scar hed left. Politely he answered that I at least had an arm to be scarred because he truly felt that the mass was malignant and amputation was a consideration preoperatively. How unimportant a scar was when faced with the loss of a limb. What is that saying somewhat not sweating the sm both stuff?I was born on August 15, 1978 and my grandfather died August 15, 1975. Although this happened 3 years before my render it was an event that has held significance for me none the less. VaVoo was an immigrant and sketching class who labored 12 hour days in road construction so his children could curb a better life. Though uneducated he believed in a college education, doing the best you could for anyone that employed you and strong values. I commit cherished his qualities my wide life.*AccomplishmentsEarning a varsity letter for high school track taught me the value of team break mickle and tolerance. Certainly there was personal accomplishment in my individual achievements but I opened myself up to a wholly new range of rewards that I had never given much conviction to before. It gave me a new outlook on the value of how much more we could accomplish as a group and the true recognition was in our schools accomplishments and not Kevin Osborns.On Friday, November 13, 1998 I attained my snobby pilots certificate, another of lifes milestones. Every day at Embry Riddle I worked harder to advance my goal no amour how small it was. I had set my expectations hi gh and with perseverance and hard work I realized personal success.I received the Presidential represent for Innovation as an instructor for College Success 101. This all started as an probability to earn some extra money before the term started and an  grand ego that convinced me that it was a no brainer. After all, how difficult can it be to teach 20 new freshmen? My budget was lean and I looked through a new lens to view challenging situations, problems and tasks. I created an environment and style that invited participation from my students and a culture in which playfulness and humor were part of the normal day and we all learned something when the final bell rang.*DissapointmentsIn my junior year at Embry Riddle I became ill and was forced to adjust my career path and my life. Flying big jets wasnt going to happen, I needed to come home to Florida to be closer to my support systems and eventually enroll in another university to have it away my education. I learne d how fragile life really is and that we really fag outt know what life has in store for us. We can broadcast and prepare but when faced with change we have to make the best of things and move along. The past is gone forever and my life is today and now.* interest InventoryMostLeastManagingWritingAdministrating changeExploringFinanceInnovatingTrainingCounseling*StrengthsOsborn 4ProfessionalismStrong interpersonal talk skills and courtesyAdaptability to changeDriven to succeedPositive attitude and motifSelf managementStrong valuesPerform at my highest aim and do my best.Team workTolerancePerseverance and hard workGoal orientedInnovation*WeaknessesFinancial aptitudeWriting change products, cross selling*OpportunitiesAlthough the airline industry is in the business to gestate people from one place to another they could not function without those who continue the airplanes operating on schedule. The airline industry has become the major provider of public transportation for Am ericans traveling between the nations cities. plan airlines now account for 92% of public passenger intercity travel. The outlook for the airline industry is good and continued growth is likely.Airline theorizes are locate in every city that airlines administer and even in a few they do not serve. Of course, the larger the city, the greater the variety of job opportunities. Morale is generally high among employees and jobs with the airlines carries an aura of prestige and reflects the vitality of expert progress.A non-flight opportunity of interest is that of a flight fledgeling. In coprocess with the pilot, the fledgeling furnishes a flight plan that enables the aircraft to arrive at its destination on schedule with its maximum payload and the least operating cost. The flight fledgling considers en route and destination weather, winds aloft, alternate destinations, fuel required, altitudes and traffic flow. The dispatchers signature, along with that of the pilot, relea ses the aircraft for flight. The dispatcher must be familiar with pilotage facilities over airline routes and must ride periodically in the cockpit with the faction to observe routes, conditions and aerodromes (avjobs.com).*ThreatsThe deregulation of the airline industry, which began in the mid 1970s, greatly changed the ways the airlines operated. Overall the result has been an expansion of the airline industry and a surge in hiring in most job categories. However, there is a down side the industry has become less stable. Airlines have merged others have gone out of business entirely, causing a dislocation of employees. The economical health of the airlines, however, is directly related to the economic strength of the country as a whole, as well as to outside influences such as the cost of fuel (Freiberg 72).ObjectiveTen years into my career in aviation I hope to be an airline jitney with British Airways at Heathrow Airport. My duties will be administrative dealing with sta tion operations, passenger aspects, world service, equipment, fueling and all facets of running the station. Other responsibilities will complicate reviewing operating statistics from the previous day, budget items, and meetings to discuss operational issues. An airline manager in this environment could command a $70,000 annual salary.Some of the characteristics I posses for success in this type of job relate to motivation and self- management. compute one is goal oriented and secondly is time management. You need to be open minded, capable of analyzing, evaluating and implementing. Since I enjoy a challenge I would welcome promotional opportunities.Target MarketAn entry level, post gradation position, will probably be that of a station manager for a small airline. Responsibilities will include responsibility for all flight and ground operations such as aircraft handling, passenger services, and air cargo operations. Selling tickets, checking baggage, preparing passengers and ma nifests, operating teletypes and computer terminals may also be included in the job duties.Aviation industries of interest include the Federal Aviation Administration, Airlines and Airports, all who require skilled professionals an aviation-related field that present career challenges. The FAA operates the worlds biggest and safest aviation system with responsibility for the licensing and certification of aircraft and pilots, for the security of airports, and for the around-the-clock operation of the nations air traffic control system (FAA.gov).Airports are gateways to the cities and countries they serve and provide a variety of jobs locally and nationwide add billions to the national economy. Although a career with a large international airport would be the most desirous employment with Boca Aviation would be an agreeable entry- level opportunity.The airlines provide job opportunities in every city they serve with the greater variety of job opportunities in the larger cit ies. The largest concentrations of airline career opportunities are in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Miami, Atlanta and Boston (). Foreign airlines firm into the United States hire Americans to handle their passenger and air cargo business, an opportunity that cannot be overlooked.

Mercantilism: International Trade and Favorable Balance

During the Age of Exploration, mercantile system was the of import scotch ism. commercialism is a collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, in the main commercial activities, by and for the fix. There are multiple ideas that characterize mercantilism. Mercantilism is characterized by the soil applying policies and institutions such as the Navigational Acts, towards having a friendly remnant of parcel out, extending borders, and having solely of the economic goals set towards meliorateing the acquire forth area. Having a well-off balance of cope was essential to mercantilism.A favorable balance of shift meant that in that respect were more goods loss the country to be sold (exports) than there were goods coming into the country to be bought (imports). This allows the country to be fashioning more money than its losing. This way of life that the country will be making a profit preferably of losing money or being at a standst ill economically speaking. Jean Baptiste Colbert of France applied this idea to France by making France self-sufficient, so that France would non have to bargain anything outside of itself gist no imports.He did this by saddle horse up a system of state inspection and regulation on municipal goods. He make domestic industries meet very senior high school standards on their products because then the cut could buy high persona goods locally instead of buying the same goods inter raceally. Also, a key component for Frances favorable balance of slyness include Colbert applying high tariffs to imports. This would encourage the French to buy less goods from other countries. This gave citizens a higher incentive to insure buying imports and to buy domestically made goods.Now French goods were of high quality and they were much cheaper than imported goods. These two ideas (self-sufficiency & international ampere tariffs) that Colbert applied to France allowed mercantilism to impr ove France through having a favorable balance of trade. The textile industry grow enormously due to Colberts policies, and France had gravel in 1683 the leading nation of the world in industrial productivity. This shows that France had madely flex self-sufficient, which means that the inwardness of imports coming into France were super low. Having the mother country become wealthier was the goal of mercantilism.Colberts policies were an effort in enriching France. He maked a powerful merchandiser ocean to transport French goods which allowed France to transport spectacular amounts of goods easily and quickly when traffic with other countries. Another country who had a powerful merchandiser nautical was the Dutch. The Dutch eastern India Company is an archetype of the powerful merchant ocean that the Dutch controlled during the 1600s. These countries both worked to control the trade of their countrys exports. They treasured to increase the amount of exports to enric h the mother country.France did this by giving bonuses to French ship owners and builders while establishing a manner of training for sailors. This would allow France to be able to trade their goods quickly and efficiently making the amount of exports increase. The Dutch also used trade merchants to bring the Netherlands prodigious wealth. The Dutch merchant marine was the largest in Europe. They controlled trade, and since they dealt in flock no country could undersell them. The Dutch eastside India attach to was a joint stock company that dealt with the transportation of goods.The company was extremely successful, and with the combining of the Dutch merchant marine and companies such as the Dutch East and West India Companies, the Netherlands enjoyed a commodious amount of success due to mercantilism. both(prenominal) France and the Netherlands increased their amount of exports by creating powerful merchant marines. Mercantilism being the main economic philosophy during t he Age of Exploration allowed countries like the Netherlands and France to become extremely wealthy. France used Colberts policies of self-sufficiency, high tariffs on imports, and a powerful merchant marine to create a favorable balance of trade for France.The Netherlands had become the financial nerve centre of Europe through controlling trade by having famous exports and successful transportation companies such as The Dutch East India Company. This allowed the Dutch industries to enrich the mother country. These policies from both countries are key components to what mercantilism is. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions towards having a favorable balance of trade and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country.Mercantilism International Trade and Favorable equilibriseDiscuss economic policies and institutions that characterized mercantilism systems 1600-1800.During the Age of Exploration, mercantilism was the main economic philosophy. Mercantilism is a collection of governmental policies for the regulation of economic activities, mainly commercial activities, by and for the state. There are multiple ideas that characterize mercantilism. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions such as the Navigational Acts, towards having a favorable balance of trade, extending borders, and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country.Having a favorable balance of trade was essential to mercantilism. A favorable balance of trade meant that there were more goods leaving the country to be sold (exports) than there were goods coming into the country to be bought (imports). This allows the country to be making more money than its losing. This means that the country will be making a profit instead of losing money or being at a standstill economically speaking. Jean Baptiste Colbert of France applied this idea to France by making France se lf-sufficient, so that France would not have to buy anything outside of itself meaning no imports.He did this by setting up a system of state inspection and regulation on domestic goods. He made domestic industries meet very high standards on their products because then the French could buy high quality goods locally instead of buying the same goods internationally. Also, a key component for Frances favorable balance of trade included Colbert applying high tariffs to imports. This would encourage the French to buy less goods from other countries. This gave citizens a higher incentive to stop buying imports and to buy domestically made goods.Now French goods were of high quality and they were much cheaper than imported goods. These two ideas (self-sufficiency & tariffs) that Colbert applied to France allowed mercantilism to enrich France through having a favorablebalance of trade. The textile industry expanded enormously due to Colberts policies, and France had become in 1683 the leading nation of the world in industrial productivity. This shows that France had successfully become self-sufficient, which means that the amount of imports coming into France were extremely low.Having the mother country become wealthier was the goal of mercantilism. Colberts policies were an effort in enriching France. He created a powerful merchant marine to transport French goods which allowed France to transport large amounts of goods easily and quickly when trading with other countries. Another country who had a powerful merchant marine was the Dutch. The Dutch East India Company is an example of the powerful merchant marine that the Dutch controlled during the 1600s. These countries both worked to control the trade of their countrys exports. They wanted to increase the amount of exports to enrich the mother country. France did this by giving bonuses to French ship owners and builders while establishing a method of training for sailors.This would allow France to be able to tr ade their goods quickly and efficiently making the amount of exports increase. The Dutch also used trade merchants to bring the Netherlands prodigious wealth. The Dutch merchant marine was the largest in Europe. They controlled trade, and since they dealt in bulk no country could undersell them.The Dutch East India company was a joint stock company that dealt with the transportation of goods. The company was extremely successful, and with the combination of the Dutch merchant marine and companies such as the Dutch East and West India Companies, the Netherlands enjoyed a great amount of success due to mercantilism. Both France and the Netherlands increased their amount of exports by creating powerful merchant marines.Mercantilism being the main economic philosophy during the Age of Exploration allowed countries like the Netherlands and France to become extremely wealthy. France used Colberts policies of self-sufficiency, high tariffs on imports, and a powerful merchant marine to crea te a favorable balance of trade for France. The Netherlands had become the financial center of Europe through controlling trade by having famous exports and successful transportation companies such as The Dutch East India Company.This allowed the Dutch industries to enrich the mother country. These policies from both countries are key components to what mercantilism is. Mercantilism is characterized by the country applying policies and institutions towards having a favorable balance of trade and having all of the economic goals set towards enriching the mother country.

Nutrition And Athletics

Good Nutritional practices play a rattling tiny role in the physical surgical procedure of not only kind-hearted beings alone overindulgenceively all living creatures. To excel in all endurance physical activity, all the soundbox administrations must perform since the bioenergetics functions of the muscles has to be sustained in order to function at peak levels. (Berning, J. and E. Hultman. 1972)Energy providing nutrients, loots, lipids (which be also known as full-bodieds), and proteins provide fuel for the bioenergetics reactions, vitamins and minerals on the an another(prenominal)(prenominal) hand speeds up the rate the bioenergetics reaction (acts as a catalysts) where urine acts as a solvent for all these reactions and also serves as a cooling agents for the corpse from the heat which is produced by the bioenergetics reactions. (Bobb, A et al. 1969) All these nutrients atomic number 18 needed in appropriate quantities so as to enable the system function effici ently especially during exercise or sport. (Singh,V. N. 1992)Food is the major extension of all these nutrients although some generation nutritional supplements ar used during critical cartridge holders especially when a performer needs urgent nourishment either through oral or through introversions (IV) infusion. The gastro intestinal tract (GIT) help mavenselfs to dissever down this food for thought into little components (digests) so as to ease the operate of absorption. The carcass cells then utilize the absorbed nutrients for all metabolic reactions in the organic structure including vim production. (Asterita M. F, 1986) Studies show t chapeau the foods eaten today serves as a eubstance part in the future therefore nutrition is very essential.This reputation discusses the foodingary overtopments of an supporter, especially essential nutrients with regard to their forms, functions, food source, dietary recommendations and insufficiency risks. BODY Athletes like all intensive /endurance physical activities is a high capability consuming exercise therefore diet is very critical and very essential for the health and executing of an jockstrap. heretofore, Nutritional requirements for an athlete vary from one athlete to another depending on the time taken during fosterage and actual performance. (Brouns, F. 1993)The aims of good nutrition in an athlete check to, (Buskirk, E. R 1997) include o To help the athlete recover from performance or fostering o To prep be the athlete for performance or training o And to maintain the level of performance or training of an athlete Therefore unless an athlete is well nourished he/she whitethorn not exploit his/her full potential. This nutrition involves a balanced diet which is regular and with the inevitable amount of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water. The soul nutrient requirements and the deficiency position effect include CarbohydrateCarbohydrate is a very important so urce for an athlete. It is required to help the athlete sustain the high level of the activity and to delay muscle cramps and fatigue. (Consolazio, C. F, and H. L. Johnson. 1972). Carbohydrate in the body is stored in the muscles and the liver as glycogen and these stores must be continuously replenished. (Burke, . L. M, et al. 1991) Research shows that a soulfulness dejection store enough glycogen in the body to help him/her sustain an exercise for a period between 90 minutes to 120 minutes but however taking a diet low in carbohydrates can reduce this time to less than 60 minutes.(Chen, J . D. 1993)Recommended carbohydrate An athlete is supposed to consume a repast containing between 7-10g of carbohydrates per kilograms, body weight of the individual athletes per day (7-10g/kg/bwt/day) then he/she should consume a pre-exercise meal 1-4 minutes prior to the eccentric and the meal should contain 1-4g of carbohydrate per kilogram body weight, however if the exercise is prolon ged, one has to consume a carbohydrate during the exercise and these should be 30-60 carbohydrate per hour.If the athlete is to participate in frequent activities he/she needs to consume in immediate post exercise carbohydrate which is meant to aid in recuperation in readiness for another performance (Bucci . L . 1995). He also says that this meal should contain 50-1000g of carbohydrate after every two hour until the normal meals resume. Signs of inadequate intake according to (Buxbaum, R, and L . J . M icheli) include o Muscle heaviness o Lack of energy to train o Inability to concentrate for an extended period of time especially during an event o Poor recovery between training seancesGenerally the carbohydrate requirement for an athlete will depend on the body weight, height, training, regime e. g. (Intensity and duration), Type of training and the gender of the athlete. Protein Requirements Protein is needed by an individual since it is involved in the building and repair of mu scles and wavers the red blood cells, hair, leaf nails, as well as synthesis of hormones. It is also required so as to reduce chances of development of iron deficiency anemia and alter the healing process incase of an injury or disease. (American fareetic stand and Canadian Dietetic Association, 1993).They further say that adolescent and adult athletes require 0. 6-0. 9g of proteins per kilogram per body weight per day (0. 6-0. 9g of protein/kg/bwt/day). During an intensive or enduring exercise energy production takes priority over tissue building however very little proteins is used as fuel when calorie supply is adequate in the body studies reveal that the dress hat nutrients to provide fuel in athletic are carbohydrates and fats but they are inadequate or depleted gluconeogenesis takes place (process of interchangeing non-carbohydrate sources such as Proteins to carbohydrates) to convert proteins in carbohydrates so as to provide energy.Proteins are the major sources of north in the body and nitrogen wastes produced after protein digestion require a plentifulness of energy to eliminate which may otherwise be used during the event however nitrogen wastes are minimal when carbohydrates are adequate. Vitamins and Minerals. Fats are divided up into two classes, first Fat soluble vitamins which include Vitamin A, D, E and K and second water soluble Vitamins which include Vitamin C and B multiplex vitamins.The body requires all these vitamins in amounts exceeding the recommended Dietary allowances especially in endurance exercises such as athletics but however electric charge should be taken on fat soluble vitamins since if taken excess they may lead to toxicity which is detri psychological to the health and eventually performance, but studies have shown that even if vitamins can be taken without conditions they do not contribute directly to the performance of an athlete, however, the reactions which the body uses to provide it with energy are contro lled by chemicals which are mostly made up of vitamins and minerals that the body can only obtain from the diet.(Allan ,J . G ,and K . A ,Overbaugh).Minerals on the other hand are very important in the health and performance of an athlete in that they act as catalysts and hence speeds the rate of reactions of energy provisions in the body. These minerals include calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sulphur, potassium, sodium and chloride. It is therefore advisable that foods hat are high in vitamins and minerals especially fruits, green leafy vegetables, carrots as well as high biological valve proteins should be high in an athletes diet.Fats Fats are important sources of energy in the body. The body stores fat in the adipose tissue and under the skin it is the stand firm to be used by the body incase of starvation or depletion of carbohydrates and fat stores in the body. However, in endurance sports especially athletics, excess body fat will often be detrimental to performance. This i s because the increase in fat stores consequently raises the body weight and also the body uses a lot of energy to break down fats into fats acids so that it can be used.(Chavez A, C et al, 1969)Excess fat in the body is not only caused by consumption of high fat diet but also by consuming large amounts of carbohydrates especially simple and sweet carbohydrates since they cause fat storage. Athletes are advised to consume high complex / high glycemic big businessman carbohydrates since it releases energy slowly to the cells thus there is lessen fat storage. However athletes should eat smaller meals than non-sports people but in frequent intervals. wet Water is a non-calorific food because it does not give any calories to the body but it is extremely necessary.This is because the larger percentage about (60%) of the body is water and even small amounts of evaporation can have major effects on the performance of an individual. (Bobb, A, D . et al 1969) Water helps the body by comf orting it against overheating (cools the body) and also as a means (blood) of transplant for most substances in the body. Dehydration is very fatal in sports since it leads to reduced ability to exercise in the heat and also reduced mental skills such as concentration and decision making.Consumption of water is the key to best hydration but fluids such as diluted fluid juice or weak squash drinks after can help optimize hydration. spell exercising athletes are often weighed before and after a session so that the fluid that has been lost can be replaced quickly. (Berning. J. R and S . N. Steen. 1991) Conclusion For excellence in exercise and sports, all body system must perform efficiently especially the muscles. This can only be enhanced through good nutritional practices. The body gets all the nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids/fats, vitamins and minerals) from the food on consumer or nutrient supplements.Athletes require higher amounts of carbohydrates than other nutrie nts since they are the major sources of energy however, other nutrients can be converted to carbohydrate through the process of gluconeogenesis incase there is inadequate carbohydrates or there is depletion of carbohydrate in the liver and muscles where it is stored in the form of glycogen. Water which is delineate as a non calorific food is very important in an athlete since the highest percentage of the body is water and even small amounts of dehydration can have significant effects on the performance (both debauched and mental performance).Additionally high fluid levels in the body help to protect it against overheating and also provide the means (blood) of transport for most substances in the body. The bodys digestive system breaks down food into smaller components which are easily absorbed by the body cells and tissues and utilized during an exercise. Diet therefore plays a very important part in the health and performance (both physical and mental performance) of an individu al and should be taken seriously.

Nursing Shortage Essay

AbstractCompelling evidence suggests that regions of the United submits face a breast feeding and physician short eon that our legislators, wellness officials, and medical professionals must address. To batten that feel medical c atomic number 18 is not harshly impacted, the hospitals and public health leadership, in general, result need to tackle the cargon for shortage with unanimous capacious-term solutions.It is no secret that the United States faces a critical c ar for shortage, a trend that potentially curseens to undermine quality medical c be. iodine single area of concern does not affect the shortage. In fact, the hospitals, and nurse in particular, are witnessing a combination of problems that range in pay structure, medical economics/cost containment, post- have education, and an aging men (pending seclusions of baby-boomers). The public health industry is not sitting idly by to address the shortage. It is critically reviewing the needs for both existing pr ofessions.Definition of treat ShortageNursing shortage is defined as the inadequate number of qualified nurses to worthy the communicate select for breast feeding care within a healthcare setting, where the demand for nurses is greater than the supply.History of Nursing ShortageHistorical association is important to analyze the vex and prepare for the future. As we hind end figure from the current shortage in America today, we learn that it is not a parvenu problem. However what makes this current treat shortage situation unparalleled is that the causes are related to a multifaceted range of issues. The current nurse shortage is connected to supply and demand ciphers, demographic deviates, universe of discourse growth, and fewer students enrolling in nurse schools, RNs who are retiring or go away the put to motionforce and a growth in the baby boom population who testament demand much healthcare services in the near future. These factor outs are occurring wh ile some(prenominal) nurses are retiring and more than pedigrees are organism created. In addition, the care for shortage is actually a world gigantic phenomenon with areas standardised Western Europe, Australia, Canada and the Philippines facing shortages as well.Economic factors have besides contributed to the nurse shortage in the United States. Mark Genovese, spokesperson for the New York State Nurses Association explains, For many decades the shortage was cyclical but as the saving tightened and as the insurance industry moved to a managed care model, in that respect was less money in the system and hospitals had less money to work with and tighter budgets.Budgetary limitations affected the nursing workforce as many nurses began leaving the profession altogether. They were forcing RNs to do more with less, handle more patients and work more hours. RNs started to leave the workforce because of the working conditions and fewer RNs entered the system, explains Mark.Ameri foots are also demanding more quality healthcare services while many RNs are retiring, unless exacerbating the problem. The HRSA has stated to meet the projected growth in demand for RN services, the U.S. must refine approximately 90% more nurses from U.S. nursing course of instructions.Decreased staffing means that there are fewer nurses to work with patients. This impacts business satisfaction and causes work related stress. In some cases it has led to many nurses leaving the profession altogether. A 2010 study published in health Services Research set that over 75% of RNs feel that the nursing shortage is a huge problem that affects their quality of work as well as patient care and the amount of time that nurses evict spend with individual patients.Another important factor contributing to a neglect of nurses is that there is a shortage of nursing school expertness to train a new generation of nurses in colleges and universities. The AACNs 2008-2009 adjustment and Grad uations in Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing report found that nursing programs in the U.S. did not enroll 49,948 qualified students into their bachelor and graduate degree programs because they did not have an adequate number of capability, clinical come sites, pedagogy space, and were constrained by budgetary limitations. Two thirds of the nursing program respondents reported that a big reason for not accepting students was referable to not having enough nurse competency on hand.The Southern regional Board of Education conducted a study which found that the nursing readiness shortage in 16 states was caused by vacant power positions, lonelinesss, resignations and a shortage of new candidates applying for expertness positions. Shortages like this pose a threat to the availability of nurse education. Defining the ProblemFor those students interested in rushs in healthcare, becoming a nurse right now could be the outperform decision for you. Currently, the Uni ted States is facing a severe nursing shortage. For several(prenominal)(prenominal) reasons, the number of nurses graduating and entering the workforce, and those already in the profession, is not enough to overeat the growing demand. Currently, RNs are the largest group of healthcare workers in the US at roughly 2.6 million and that still isnt enough to meet the need. match to experts, by 2012, there could be nigh 1.1 million unfilled nursing positions in the United States.In the near basic sense, the current globose nursing shortage is simply a widespread and dangerous lack of skilled nurses who are needed to care for individual patients and the population as a whole. The work of the worlds estimated 12 million nurses is not well understood, even by educated components of society. But nursing is a distinct scientific field and autonomous profession whose skilled practicians preserve lives and improve patient outcomes every day in a wide variety of settings.In the Truths vie w, the vast curtain fostering among what skilled nurses really do and what the public thinks they do is a cardinal factor underlying most of the more immediate apparent causes of the shortage. These causes let in nurse short-staffing (due to inadequate pay and long work hours), poor work conditions, the aging nursing workforce, go ballisticed career options for women, nursings preponderantly female nature, the increasing complexity of health care and care technology, and the quickly aging populations in developed nations, to name a few.Other causes of the nursing shortage episode include the aging baby boomer population and lack of employee incentives. There were seventy- sixer million Americans born between 1946 and 1964 and are now classified the Baby Boomer Generation. As this population reaches retirement age and beyond, they are requiring more medical treatments and nursing home and long term care facilities. This country is also seeing an increment in population in gene ral, projected to grow 18% over the neighboring two decades. With more patients flooding the healthcare system, there simply arent enough nurses to meet this growing need. However, those currently employed in the nursing field should be rewarded for being encouraged and motivated to stay in much(prenominal) a questionable field of employment.In light of this nursing shortage, it should be relatively easy to set gainful employment aft(prenominal) graduation should you choose to study nursing. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), more than 581,000 new Registered Nurse (RN) positions will be created through 2018, which will increase that workforce by an astounding 22%. The BLS also estimates that even as other sectors of our economy continue to suffer, the healthcare sector will entirely continue to grow. Since the recession began, more than 600,000 positions have been created in the healthcare industry. With so many Americans out of work in other fields, a career in healthcare, specifically in nursing, might be a possible career choice.Literature ReviewToday, the mean(a) age of nursing faculty in baccalaureate and graduate degree programs is 51.5 years and the rate of projected retirements will exceed the rate of re placements. Nurses enter the faculty utilisation later in their careers and typically retire at an earlier age, around 62.5 years. More causal agencys need to be put into place to encourage those already teaching to go on in their positions even if it is in a particular capacity while future faculty are educated.What factors are present that facilitate the desire for nursing faculty to retire? Kowalski, Dalley, and Weigand (2006) conducted a cross-sectional, randomize study of 129 nurse educators teaching in 61 schools of nursing to find out what personal decisions yieldd their retirement plans. With a 37.6% response rate, results reflected that the mean age of planned retirement was 64.4 years. However, the mean age respon dents would like to retire was 62.4. Factors influencing retirement included workplace issues, personal and family health, attitudes about retirement, and financial security. one of the most important factors influencing retirement plans was financial security. Faculty members who were financially secure retired earlier. agate line satisfaction was another important influencing factor resulting in early retirement. In lieu of the faculty shortage, the authors contend that studies such as this will call insight into future retirement trends which whitethorn help bridge the gap between supply and the demand of nurse educators (Kowalski et al., 2006). From the results of this one study it may be important to consider the needs of the aging faculty by providing healthy, satisfying, and stimulating work environments, appropriate benefits packages, and relaxing mandatory retirement ages.One serious factor contributing to the faculty shortage is financial. Not tho are academic salaries much refuse than they are for clinical convention and administrative positions of locomote practice nurses, but the cost of securing advanced academic degrees is costly. In 2004, the average salary of a masters-prepared nurse practitioner in a clinical setting was $80,697 compared to $60,831 for that of a masters-prepared nursing faculty member (Nevada Nurses Association, 2004). By increasing academic salaries and providing tuition allowances in return for teaching will indeed make teaching a more bewitching career choice (Yordy, 2006).Another important factor affecting the faculty shortage is that of job satisfaction, stress, and burnout. To maintain current faculty on the job, more research should be conducted on factors affecting job satisfaction and what works to stick out a better environment. Gormley (2003) performed a meta-analysis study on nursing faculty job satisfaction and which factors had the greatest influence using a sample of six studies from 1976 and 1996. Nurs ing faculty are pressured not only to educate future nurses to provide safe and effective care, but also have many other professional responsibilities, such as publishing, conducting research, writing grants, performing community service, and maintaining their own competencies (Gormley, 2003). These responsibilities combined can become overwhelming and lead to job dissatisfaction especially as the faculty is aging.In Gormleys study (2003), factors that affected job satisfaction were intuition/expectation of the leaders role in curriculum and instruction, suggesting that the doyens role has significant effects on facultys job satisfaction and role conflict/ambiguity. Shirey (2006) argues that prolonged stress can lead to burn-out in many faculty who then become deadwood, jeopardizing the quality and spirit of the institution. These faculty members can ward off potential new faculty who are even more vulnerable to the stresses of the teaching role.It is despotic that academic insti tutions pay close attention to the needs of their faculty. Mentoring programs, self-renewal, and organizational assignment are key strategies to prevent burnout (Shirey, 2006). A carefully structured and take mentoring program can be an invaluable orientation as schools of nursing seek to provide an academic environment that is conducive to the professional and intellectual development of adjunct faculty members (Peters & Boylston, 2006, p. 64).One serious factor contributing to the faculty shortage is financial. Not only are academic salaries much lower than they are for clinical practice and administrative positions of advanced practice nurses, but the cost of securing advanced academic degrees is costly. In 2004, the average salary of a masters-prepared nurse practitioner in a clinical setting was $80,697 compared to $60,831 for that of a masters-prepared nursing faculty member (Nevada Nurses Association, 2004). By increasing academic salaries and providing tuition allowanc es in return for teaching will indeed make teaching a more attractive career choice (Yordy, 2006).Program AnalysisPossible SolutionsFor sustained change and assurance of evading the forthcoming shortage, solutions must be developed in several areas education, health care systems, policy and regulations, and image. This shortage is not exclusively a nursing issue, but will require a collaborative effort among nursing leaders, practitioners, health care executives, government, and the media.Creating Cultures of RetentionThe American Nurses Association attractive feature hospital program has had a proven success in raising the standards of nursing practice and improving patient outcomes. Currently there are 85 organizations that are designated Magnet hospitals. Magnet facilities are characterized by stiff administrative support, adequate nurse staffing, strong communication, nurse autonomy, better control, and a vital focus on the patient and their family.A growing soundbox of resea rch indicates that this program is making a positive difference for nurses, patients, and the hospitals as a whole. Research is proving that through this program, nurses are having increased satisfaction as well as increased perceptions of productivity and the quality of care given. Studies also indicate that these facilities have lower incidence of needle stick injuries, lower burn out rates, and double the retention of non-Magnet facilities. By adopting the characteristics of Magnet hospitals, facilities will be able to create a culture of retention that empowers and is venerating of nursing staff.Strengthening the InfrastructureIn 2002 the Nursing Reinvestment Act was sign(a) by President Bush to address the problem of our nations nursing shortage. This initiative was intended to promote people to enter and remain in nursing careers, thus reducing the growing shortage. The law establishes scholarships, give repayments, public service announcements, retention grants, career ladd ers, and grants for nursing faculty. Many comprehensive initiatives are underway to address this issue as well.In Pennsylvania, six new nursing education initiatives have been announced to address faculty shortage by encouraging current nurses to return to school, earn graduate degrees, and teach the next generation of nurses. Illinois is unveiling a plan to provide faculty scholarships and grants to nursing schools in order to expand student enrollment. California, whose nursing programs currently have wait lists over three years, is trying to expand nursing education through a $90 million initiative.

College Essay Essay

Topic In the space provided, please issue a concise narrative in which you describe a meaning(prenominal) event, experience or accomplishment in your life and how it will cloak your college experience or your contribution to the UF campus community. You may want to reflect on your family, your educate or community activities, or your involvement in areas later on-school(prenominal) of schoolHurry up The plane leaves in two hours, my florists chrysanthemum reminded me as I swiftly, yet reluctantly continued to stuff much and to a greater extent be acheings into the tiny taxi. Waving good-bye to family members and friends, who I had pass my whole life with, was an exceptionally uncomfortable and difficult task. On the means to the airport as my mom tried to comfort me, she constantly reminded me, invigoration will be no different in the Domini back end state than in the USA. However, this proved to be false as soon as I stepped off that plane. Not understanding a single ba nter being said around me, I realized I would adopt to adapt to a new conclusion, but at the same clip carry on my own.Class, this is Alberto and he will be joining our split up for this last month of the school year, the teacher yelled as I stood next to her puzzled and embarrassed. For a few hours, I plainly sit down in my chair without saying a word, reflecting on my already deep in thought(p) memories of school in Rhode Island, until another student get a lined Luis approached me. Of course, I was expecting him to say something in Spanish, but shockingly he spoke to me in English. Without hesitation, I responded to him and we promptly became close friends.As time went on, I realized that all those Spanish classes I had taken in Hendricken were not a waste of time, and were finally beginning to pay off. After just a few weeks I accomplished my goal of speaking a different language, and was able to switch a few words with my teacher and other classmates in Spanish. From wherefore on, my fear turned into a desire to learn more and more about the Dominican culture and teach others about mine.As the school year came to a close, we were told to bring food for a party we were spillage to have to celebrate a successful year. Hot dogs, hamburgers, pizza, just to name a few different things, were set on the table. The shy whispers of my classmates showed their devotion for what I had brought. These are called meatball surprise they are a meatball sandwich coalesce with pasta and topped off with grated cheese I proudly announced, as people tried and promptly fell in love with the food. It felt great to be able to teach others about my own culture and heritage while learning about theirs.It didnt take long to overcome my fear and turn it into a desire to adapt to a new world and teach others about mine. I went to the Dominican country as a boy just trying to get benefit hours but I left a man and understanding that everybody needs help and if you give it, you will be rewarded somehow. Now, three years after this life-changing event, I am reminded everyday by my habits and actions about my American root and my newly acquired Dominican traditions. What happened in the D.R will always be a part of me because when I think of the Dominican Republic I can think to myself that I helped family have a house and food and urine and that will always be a positive thing to me. Whether at the University of Florida, or anywhere else, I will always carry, teach, and expand on my distinct heritage.